Solid phase isothermal amplification
Provided herein are methods and kits for isothermal nucleic acid amplifications that use a target nucleic acid template; a reaction mixture comprising a DNA polymerase having a strand displacement activity, a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) mixture, a primer with a 3′ end and a 5′ end, a molecular crowding reagent, and a buffer solution for amplifying the target nucleic acid template. The buffer solution maintains a low salt concentration of the reaction mixture, and wherein the salt concentration results in a melting temperature (T m ) of the primer at least 10° C. below the reaction temperature. The amplification is effected under isothermal condition.
1. A method for amplifying a nucleic acid, comprising:
a) providing a target nucleic acid template on a solid support;
b) contacting the target nucleic acid template with a reaction mixture comprising a DNA polymerase having a strand displacement activity, a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) mixture, a primer with a 3′ end and a 5′ end, a molecular crowding reagent, and a buffer solution, wherein the buffer solution maintains a salt concentration of the reaction mixture between 1 to 75 mM; and
c) amplifying the target nucleic acid template under isothermal amplification conditions at a constant reaction temperature,
wherein the salt concentration results in a melting temperature (T m ) of the primer at least 10° C. below the reaction temperature.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said solid support is selected from a glass—or silica-based solid phase medium, a plastics-based solid phase medium, porous ceramics or a fibrous material.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 where said solid support comprises a fibrous material selected from cellulose fibres, alginates or fibrous polymeric materials.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said solid support is a cellulose-based matrix.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said solid support is selected from a solid support coated or uncoated or impregnated with a chemical or chemical composition.
6. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein said solid support is coated or impregnated with a chemical or chemical composition selected from the group consisting of one or more of: a weak base, a chelating agent and an anionic surfactant, a chaotrope optionally including a reducing agent, a weak acid and an antioxidant, polyester, a vinyl polymer, or a non-ionic synthetic polymer.
7. The method as defined in claim 4 wherein a portion of said solid support comprising said biological sample is removed prior to step (b).
8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said biological sample is extracted from said solid support after step (a) and prior to step (b).
9. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said biological sample is not extracted from said solid support after step (a) and prior to step (b).
10. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said biological sample is washed on said solid support after step (a) and prior to step (b).
11. The method as defined claim 1 wherein said biological sample is not washed on said solid support after step (a) and prior to step (b).
12. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said biological sample comprises a linear DNA molecule.
13. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said biological sample comprises a circular DNA molecule.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein an input quantity of the target nucleic acid template is at least about 5 femtograms.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the input quantity of the target nucleic acid template from a bacterial source is at least about 5 femtograms.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the input antity of the target nucleic acid from a human source is at least about 5 picograms.
17. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said target nucleic acid is collected at a crime scene.
18. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said target nucleic acid is collected carried at the scene of a disaster.
19. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein step (c) is a multiple displacement amplification (MDA) reaction.
20. The method as defined in claim 19 wherein said MDA reaction is rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction.
21. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said DNA polymerase is Phi 29 polymerase.
22. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said reaction mixture comprises a cyclodextrin.
23. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said crowding reagent is selected from the group comprising multivalent cations, inorganic cations, polyamines, protamines, peptides, lipids, liposomes and proteins.
24. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said crowding reagent is selected from the group comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylenimine (PEI), Ficoll 400 and trehalose.
25. The method as defined in claim 24 wherein said crowding reagent is PEG 400 or PEG 8000.
26. The method as defined in claim 1 which is performed in a single reaction vessel without any further DNA isolation or purification steps.
27. The method as defined in claim 1 comprising the further step of (d) of generating small tandem repeat (STR) profiles from the product of step (ii) using a DNA amplification technique.