Branched oligonucleotides
Provided herein are branched oligonucleotides exhibiting efficient and specific tissue distribution, cellular uptake, minimum immune response and off-target effects, without formulation.
1. A branched oligonucleotide compound, capable of mediating RNA silencing in a neuronal cell, comprising two or more nucleic acid sequences, wherein the nucleic acid sequences (N) are connected to one another by one or more moieties selected from a linker (L), a spacer (S) and optionally a branching point (B),
wherein each nucleic acid sequence is double-stranded and comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand each have a 5′ end and a 3′ end, and wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand each comprises >80% chemically-modified nucleotides,
wherein the nucleotides at positions 1 and 2 from the 5′ end of the sense and antisense strands are connected to adjacent nucleotides via phosphorothioate linkages,
wherein each antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, wherein each sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides and has complementarity to the antisense strand, and wherein the antisense strand has complementarity to a target mRNA in the neuronal cell, and
wherein the antisense strand is complementary to a target mRNA in a neuronal cell.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each double-stranded nucleic acid sequence is independently connected to a linker, spacer or branching point at the 3′ end or at the 5′ end of the sense strand or the antisense strand.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound further comprises a hydrophobic moiety attached to the terminal 5′position of the branched oligonucleotide compound.
4. The compound of claim 1 , having a structure selected from formulas (I-1) and (I-2):
N-L-N (I-1)
and
N-S-L-S-N (I-2).
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the antisense strand comprises a 5′ terminal group R selected from the group consisting of:
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of: the structure of L1:
and
the structure of L2:
7. The compound of claim 5 , wherein R is R 3 .
8. The compound of claim 5 , having the structure of formula (II):
wherein
X, for each occurrence, independently, is selected from adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and chemically-modified derivatives thereof;
Y, for each occurrence, independently, is selected from adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and chemically-modified derivatives thereof;
— represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage;
═ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage; and
--- represents, individually for each occurrence, a base-pairing interaction or a mismatch.
9. The compound of claim 5 having the structure of formula (V):
wherein
X, for each occurrence, independently, is selected from adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and chemically-modified derivatives thereof;
Y, for each occurrence, independently, is selected from adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and chemically-modified derivatives thereof;
— represents a phosphodiester internucleoside linkage;
═ represents a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage; and
--- represents, individually for each occurrence, a base-pairing interaction or a mismatch.
10. The compound of claim 5 , wherein L has the structure of L2:
11. The compound of claim 10 , wherein R is R 3 .
12. The compound of claim 1 , comprising two double-stranded nucleic acid sequences.
13. The compound of claim 1 , comprising 5-20 phosphorothioated bonds.
14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotides at positions 1-6 from the 3′ end, or positions 1-7 from the 3′ end, are connected to adjacent nucleotides via phosphorothioate linkages.
15. A branched oligonucleotide compound capable of mediating RNA silencing in a cell, comprising two or more nucleic acid sequences, wherein the nucleic acid sequences (N) are connected to one another by one or more moieties selected from a linker (L), a spacer (S) and optionally a branching point (B),
wherein each nucleic acid sequence is double-stranded and comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand each have a 5′ end and a 3′ end, and wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand each comprises >80% chemically-modified nucleotides,
wherein the nucleotides at positions 1 and 2 from the 5′ end of the sense and antisense strands are connected to adjacent nucleotides via phosphorothioate linkages,
wherein each antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, and has complementarity to a target,
wherein each sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides and has complementarity to the antisense strand, and
wherein the compound comprises 5-20 phosphorothioated bonds.
16. The compound of claim 1 , having a structure selected from formulas (I-3)-(I-9):
17. The compound of claim 15 , wherein each double-stranded nucleic acid sequence is independently connected to a linker, spacer or branching point at the 3′ end or at the 5′ end of the sense strand or the antisense strand.
18. The compound of claim 15 , wherein the compound further comprises a hydrophobic moiety attached to the terminal 5′ position of the branched oligonucleotide compound.
19. The compound of claim 15 , having a structure selected from formulas (I-1)-(I-9):
20. The compound of claim 15 , wherein the antisense strand comprises a 5′ terminal group R selected from the group consisting of:
21. The compound of claim 15 , wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of: the structure of L1:
and
the structure of L2:
22. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 20 contiguous nucleotides.
23. The compound of claim 15 , wherein the antisense strand comprises at least 20 contiguous nucleotides.