FILM WITH LOW HEAT CONDUCTIVITY, REDUCED DENSITY AND LOW SOLAR ABSORPTION
The invention relates to a dark, flat element, preferably a plastic, lacquer coating or fiber material, having reduced density, low heat conductivity and low solar absorption. The flat element has a relatively high reflection infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum reduce heating by sunlight in the near infrared dark tinting in the visible range. Low density conductivity are obtained inter alia by inserting in the near in order to area despite and low heat light filling materials into the flat element. Said flat element can be used in places where surfaces are dark tinted for aesthetic or technical reasons but should not heat up in sunlight and should give off little heat when touched by hand or by other parts of the body. Other areas of application include surfaces which should have a heat insulating effect in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics.
1 - 32 . (canceled)
33 : A film with low heat conductivity, reduced density and low solar absorption, the film comprising:
at least one combination of a plastic support material and components incorporated into the plastic support material, the components incorporated into the plastic support material consisting of:
a) and/or b);
and at least one of c), d), and e); and
optionally f), wherein:
a) comprises inorganic and/or organic light fillers, which reduce the density and heat conductivity of the plastic support material;
b) comprises gases selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and noble gases, which form cavities in the plastic support material and reduce the density and heat conductivity of the plastic support material;
c) comprises dyes, which reflect with spectral selectivity in the wavelength range of visible light from 400 to 700 nm and have an average transparency of greater than 50% in the wavelength range of the near infrared from 700 to 1,000 nm;
d) comprises first pigments, which reflect with spectral selectivity in the wavelength range of visible light from 400 to 700 nm and have an average transparency of greater than 50% in the wavelength range from 700 to 1,000 nm;
e) comprises second pigments, which reflect with spectral selectivity in the wavelength range of visible light from 400 to 700 nm and have an average reflection of greater than 50% in the wavelength range of the near infrared from 700 to 1,000 nm; and
f) comprises inorganic and/or organic nanomaterials, which can be surface-treated or surface coated, and
wherein the at least one combination has the following properties:
i) an average reflection in the wavelength range of visible light from 400 to 700 nm less than 50%;
ii) an average reflection in the wavelength range of near infrared from 700 to 1,000 nm greater than 50%;
iii) a heat conductivity less than 0.4 (W/m K); and
iv) a bulk density that lies below 1.4 g/cm 3 .
34 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the plastic support material is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyacetates, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefins, styrene polymers, sulfur polymers, fluorinated plastics, polyamides, polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride, silicones, epoxy resins, polymer blends, polycarbonate-ABS, melamine resins, phenolic resins, polyurethanes, and mixtures thereof.
35 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the plastic support material is both a reactively crosslinking plastic and a thermoplastic.
36 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the density of the light fillers is less than 0.5 g/cm 3 .
37 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the light fillers comprise hollow microspheres made from material selected from the group consisting of ceramic having a density less than 0.4 g/cm 3 , glass having a density less than 0.4 g/cm 3 , and plastic having a density less than 0.2 g/cm 3 .
38 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the light fillers are plastic particles that only form hollow microspheres with a density below 0.2 g/cm 3 when the plastic support material is heated to temperatures of 80 to 160° C.
39 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the dyes are selected from the group consisting of acid dyes, direct dyes, basic dyes, development dyes, sulfur dyes, aniline dyes, and zapon dyes.
40 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the first pigments are selected from the group consisting of monoazo, disazo, α-naphthol, naphthol-AS, laked azo, benzimidazolone, disazocondensation, metal complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene and perinone, thioindigo, anthraquinone, anthrapyrimidine, flavanthrone, pyranthrone, indanthrone, anthanthrone, dioxazine, triarylcarbonium, quinophthalone, and diketo pyrrolo pyrrole pigments.
41 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the second pigments are inorganic pigments selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal hydroxides, cadmium pigments, bismuth pigments, chromium pigments, ultramarine pigments, coated mica pigments in the form of platelets, and rutile and spinel mixed phase pigments.
42 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein additional particles are incorporated in the plastic support material, the additional particles having a reflection greater than 70% in the wavelength range from 400 to 1,000 nm.
43 : The film according to claim 42 , wherein the additional particles of inorganic pigments are selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal sulfates, metal sulfides, metal fluorides, metal silicates, metal carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
44 : The film according to claim 42 , wherein the additional particles are degradable materials selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, talc, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, natural barium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
45 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the element's heat conductivity is less than 0.3 (W/m·K).
46 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the bulk density of the element is less than 1.2 g/cm 3 .
47 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein it has an average reflection of less than 40% in the wavelength range of visible light from 400 to 700 nm.
48 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein it has an average reflection of greater than 60% in the wavelength range of near infrared from 700 to 1,000 nm.
49 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the light fillers increase the reflection of the element by up to 10% in the near infrared range from 700 to 1,000 nm.
50 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the element has at least one layer consisting of the combination.
51 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the element farther includes a layer that is combined with another layer of the plastic support material that does not contain the incorporated components.
52 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein identical or different variants of the element are combined in at least two layers.
53 : The film according to claim 33 , further comprising a lacquer coating.
54 : The film according to claim 33 , wherein the plastic support material further comprises a device or layer.