Calcium phosphate polymer composite and method
A bone-repair composite includes a core and a sheath. The core is a first primary unit including a combination of a first set of yarns coated with a calcium phosphate mineral layer. The first set of yarns being made from a first group of one or more polymers. The sheath is a second primary unit a combination of a second set of yarns or one or more polymer coatings. The second set of yarns being made from a second group of one or more polymers, wherein the composite is made by covering the core with the sheath, and the composite is compression molded to allow the sheath to bond to the core. The bone-repair composite has a bending modulus comparable to that of a mammalian bone, such that the ratio of the core to the sheath is provided to maximize the mechanical strength of the bone-repair composite to mimic the mammalian bone.
1. A bone replacement composite comprising:
a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix;
a multitude of poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) fibers disposed within the PCL matrix, the multitude of PLLA fibers being aligned along a common axis; and
a calcium phosphate mineral layer coating each of the PLLA fibers, the calcium phosphate mineral layer being between 25% by weight and 43% by weight of the bone replacement composite, wherein a crystalline orientation of the calcium phosphate mineral layer is aligned with the common axis, wherein the bone replacement composite is a rod or bar-shaped composite configured to replace a portion of a bone in a patient and wherein a bending modulus of the bone-repair composite is at least 3 GPa.
2. The bone replacement composite according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of PLLA fibers to PCL matrix is 6:1 wt/wt.
3. The bone replacement composite according to claim 2 , further comprising filing materials including drugs or bioactive agents, wherein the filling materials is used as a binding material or for drug release.
4. The bone replacement composite according to claim 2 , further comprising fibers made from materials selected from a group consisting of collagen, hyaluronans, fibrin, chitosan, alginate, silk, polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, polyamines, polyamides, co-polymers, polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(D,L-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL).
5. The bone replacement composite according to claim 2 , wherein the calcium phosphate mineral layer is selected from a group consisting of ion-substituted apatite, calcium phosphate, carbonate hydroxyapatite, fluorinated hydroxyapatite, chlorinated hydroxyapatite, silicon-containing hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, monotite, dicalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, octacalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, amorphosus calcium phosphate, biphasic calcium phosphate, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, precipitated hydroxyapatite, and oxyapatite.
6. The bone replacement composite according to claim 2 , wherein the calcium phosphate mineral layer is anchored to the polymer surface by electrostatic, coordinative, ionic or chemical tethering.