Turf reinforcement mats
Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of turf reinforcement mats that include spun yarns and/or multifilament yarns in either or both of the warp and weft directions.
1. A turf reinforcement mat configured for placement on soil for erosion control, the turf reinforcement mat comprising spun yarn in at least one of a warp direction and a weft direction, wherein:
the spun yarn comprises core-sheath spun yarn in one of the warp direction or the weft direction, but not both;
the turf reinforcement mat comprises polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn in the other one of the warp direction or the weft direction, the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn having a round cross section;
the core-sheath spun yarn is interwoven with the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn such that the turf reinforcement mat has a pyramidal weave; and
the core-sheath spun yarn comprises a polypropylene monofilament core having a round cross section and a polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath having a round cross section.
2. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the turf reinforcement mat consists of only:
the core-sheath spun yarn in the warp direction and the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn in the weft direction; or
the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn in the warp direction and the core-sheath spun yarn in the weft direction.
3. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the turf reinforcement mat is configured for ultraviolet (UV) resistance.
4. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the core-sheath spun yarn includes the polypropylene fiber sheath.
5. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein:
the core-sheath spun yarn is in the weft direction;
the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn is in the warp direction;
the polypropylene monofilament core has a denier of about 1800; and
the polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath has a denier of about 1500.
6. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein:
the core-sheath spun yarn has a total of 100 denier to 11,000 denier; and
a sheath weight percentage compared to a total weight of the core-sheath spun yarn ranges from about 10% to about 99%; and
the core-sheath spun yarn includes filaments having 1 denier per filament to 60 denier per filament, and the filaments are coupled together to form a single or multiple yarns for a core, which are encapsulated in a single fiber or a blend of multiple fibers around the core.
7. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein:
the turf reinforcement mat is configured to allow plant growth through the turf reinforcement mat.
8. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the turf reinforcement mat is configured to reduce rain splash and runoff induced erosion, whereby the turf reinforcement mat has a soil loss ratio according to ASTM D 7101 of:
19.82 for 50 millimeters/hour; and/or
16.66 for 100 millimeters/hour; and/or
10.46 for 150 millimeters/hour.
9. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 1 , wherein the turf reinforcement mat is configured to protect unvegetated soil from flow induced erosion, whereby the turf reinforcement mat has an average soil loss according to ASTM D 7207 of:
8.3 grams at a shear stress of 1.49 pounds square foot; and/or
106.7 grams at a shear stress of 3.02 pounds square foot; and/or
253.3 grams at a shear stress of 5.40 pounds square foot.
10. A turf reinforcement mat configured for placement on soil for erosion control, the turf reinforcement mat comprising weft yarns and warp yarns interwoven with the weft yarns and configured to allow plant growth through the turf reinforcement mat, wherein:
the weft yarns and the warp yarns are interwoven such that the turf reinforcement mat has a pyramidal weave;
one of the warp yarns or the weft yarns, but not both, comprise core-sheath spun yarn;
the other one of the weft yarns or the warp yarns comprise polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn having a round cross section; and
the core-sheath spun yarn comprises a polypropylene monofilament core having a round cross section and a polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath having a round cross section.
11. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 10 , wherein:
the warp yarns consist of only the core-sheath spun yarn and the weft yarns consist of only the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn; or
the warp yarns consist of only the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn and the weft yarns consist of only the core-sheath spun yarn.
12. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 10 , wherein the spun yarn is configured for ultraviolet (UV) resistance.
13. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 10 , wherein the core-sheath spun yarn comprises the polypropylene fiber sheath.
14. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 10 , wherein:
the weft yarns comprise the core-sheath spun yarn;
the warp yarns comprise the polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn having the round cross section;
the polypropylene monofilament core has a denier of about 1800; and
the polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath has a denier of about 1500.
15. The turf reinforcement mat of claim 10 , wherein:
the core-sheath spun yarn has a total of 100 denier to 11,000 denier; and
a sheath weight percentage compared to a total weight of the core-sheath spun yarn ranges from about 10% to about 99%; and
the core-sheath spun yarn includes filaments having 1 denier per filament to 60 denier per filament, and the filaments are coupled together to form a single or multiple yarns for a core, which are encapsulated in a single fiber or a blend of multiple fibers around the core.
16. A turf reinforcement mat configured for placement on soil for erosion control, the turf reinforcement mat comprising weft yarns and warp yarns interwoven with the weft yarns, wherein:
the turf reinforcement mat has a plurality of portions defined by the warp yarns and the weft yarns that are configured to cooperatively define the plurality of portions to have pyramidal, honeycomb, or cuspated shapes protruding upwardly or downwardly relative to a plane of the turf reinforcement mat;
one of the warp yarns or the weft yarns, but not both, comprise core-sheath spun yarn;
the other one of the weft yarns or the warp yarns comprise polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn having a round cross section; and
the core-sheath spun yarn comprises a polypropylene monofilament core having a round cross section and a polypropylene or polyester fiber sheath having a round cross section.