Polymers, composites, and methods for making polymers and composites
View Patent ↗Polymeric materials and methods for making the polymeric materials utilizing bisphenolic stillbottoms, lignosulfonates, or both are disclosed. In one embodiment, a polymer is provided that includes a condensate of bisphenolic stillbottoms, an optional phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms, an aldehyde, and a lignosulfonate compound. The condensate may further include an amino compound, a catalyst, or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the polymer may be free of a phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms. The polymers may be used in the manufacture of articles including composites, laminates and paper products.
1. A polymer comprising:
a condensate of:
bisphenolic stillbottoms;
an optional phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms;
an aldehyde; and
a lignosulfonate compound.
2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the bisphenolic stillbottoms comprise a single-phase bisphenolic stillbottoms composition comprising:
bisphenolic stillbottoms in an amount from about 99% to about 85% based on the weight of the composition; and
a solvent in an amount from about 1% to about 15% based on the weight of the composition.
3. The polymer of claim 2 wherein the solvent is water or an organic solvent.
4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the bisphenolic stillbottoms comprise:
10 wt. % to 84 wt. % of p,p-Bisphenol A;
0 wt. % to 30 wt. % of o,p-Bisphenol A;
10 wt. % to 25 wt. % of trisphenol;
0 wt. % to 30 wt. % Chroman-I (p-(2,2,4-trimethyl-4-chromanyl)phenol);
0 wt. % to 25 wt. % of phenol; and
45 wt. % to 75 wt. % of other phenol-acetone reaction products.
5. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms is selected from the group consisting of phenol, cresol, xylenol, alkyl substituted phenol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and combinations thereof.
6. The polymer of claim 5 , wherein the phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms composition comprises at least 90% phenol.
7. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butryaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, glyoxal, furfural, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and combinations thereof.
8. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the condensate further comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, an organic solvent, and combinations thereof.
9. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulfonate compound comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonic acid sodium salt, lignosulfonic acid ammonium salt, lignosulfonic acid potassium salt, lignosulfonic acid calcium salt, and combinations thereof.
10. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the condensate further comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of an amino compound, a catalyst, and combinations thereof.
11. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the condensate is free of the phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms.
12. The polymer of claim 10 , wherein the condensate comprises:
from about 20 wt. % to about 40 wt. % aldehyde;
from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of bisphenol stillbottoms;
from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of lignosulfonate;
from about 5 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of catalyst;
from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of amino compound; and
from about 40 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of water, wherein the total weight percent (wt. %) is 100%.
13. The polymer of claim 10 , wherein the condensate further comprises:
from about 0.5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stilibottoms, wherein the total weight percent (wt. %) is 100%.
14. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the bisphenolic stilibottoms is derived from a bisphenol A process, the bisphenolic stilibottoms is derived from a bisphenol F process, and combinations thereof.
15. A polymer composition comprising a mixture of:
a first polymer from a first condensate comprising:
a first aldehyde;
a single-phase composition of bisphenolic stillbottoms; and
optionally, a first phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stilibottoms; and
a second polymer from a second condensate comprising:
a second phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stilibottoms;
a second aldehyde; and
a lignosulfonate compound.
16. The polymer of claim 15 , wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are in a weight ratio from about 10:90 to about 50:50.
17. A method of making a polymer, the method comprising:
mixing and reacting an aldehyde, a lignosulfonate compound, and bisphenolic stillbottoms.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising adding a phenolic compound independent of bisphenolic stillbottoms, adding a catalyst, or a combination thereof to form the reaction product.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein mixing and reacting an aldehyde, a lignosulfonate compound, and bisphenolic stillbottoms comprises:
mixing an aldehyde and a lignosulfonate compound to produce a reaction product;
adding bisphenolic stillbottoms to the reaction product; and
mixing and reacting the reaction product and the bisphenolic stillbottoms.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the bisphenolic stillbottoms is derived from a bisphenol A process, the bisphenolic stillbottoms is derived from a bisphenol F process, and combinations thereof.