Antidotes for factor Xa inhibitors and methods of using the same
The present invention relates antidotes to anticoagulants targeting factor Xa. The antidotes are factor X and factor Xa protein derivatives that bind to the factor Xa inhibitors thereby substantially neutralizing them but do not assemble into the prothrombinase complex. The derivatives describe herein lack or have reduced intrinsic coagulant activity. Disclosed herein are methods of reversing anticoagulation, stopping or preventing bleeding in a patient that is currently undergoing anticoagulant therapy with a factor Xa inhibitor.
1. An isolated two-chain polypeptide comprising:
1) a first chain comprising amino acid residues 1-105 of SEQ ID NO: 22, and
2) a second chain comprising amino acid residues 112-365 of SEQ ID NO: 22,
wherein the two-chain polypeptide (a) has reduced catalytic activity as compared to the corresponding wild-type factor Xa protein, (b) is capable of binding to a factor Xa inhibitor and (c) cannot assemble into a prothrombinase complex.
2. The isolated two-chain polypeptide of claim 1 , comprising an amino acid residue that is modified to be different from natural amino acids.
3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a carrier and a polypeptide of claim 1 .
4. A method of neutralizing or reversing anticoagulation in a subject undergoing anticoagulant therapy with a factor Xa inhibitor in need of cessation of anticoagulation or suffering from bleeding, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the factor Xa inhibitor inhibits factor Xa's catalytic activity.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the factor Xa inhibitor is a direct factor Xa inhibitor.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the factor Xa inhibitor is an indirect, antithrombin III-dependent, factor Xa inhibitor.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the factor Xa inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of fondaparinux, idraparinux, biotinylated idraparinux, enoxaparin, fragmin, NAP-5, rNAPc2, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, DX-9065a, YM-60828, YM-150, apixaban, rivaroxaban, PD-348292, otamixaban, DU-176b, LY517717, GSK913893, razaxaban, low molecular weight heparin, betrixaban or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the administration comprises an intravenous injection.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the administration comprises a bolus intravenous injection.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the administration further comprises a continuous infusion.