Method and systems for transporting bitumen in solidified form
A solid bitumen pellet, including a mixture of bitumen and an additive, where the additive operates to increase the viscosity of the mixture. Optionally, the pellet includes a protective shell.
1. A method for environmental risk reduction during transport of crude oil refinery feedstock, the method comprising:
receiving a load of solid pellets in a shipping container at an origin,
each pellet in said load of solid pellets including a mixture of crude oil refinery feedstock and a hydrocarbonaceous polymer, the polymer having a melting point temperature of at least 50° C., wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer to form the mixture is suitable for use as a feedstock to an oil refinery to separate the crude oil refinery feedstock into constituents that can be used as fuels, lubricants and feedstocks in petrochemical processes,
the polymer having a solubility in the crude oil such that the crude oil refinery feedstock maintains compatibility with the oil refinery to allow separation of the crude oil refinery feedstock into said constituents, and
transporting the shipping container with the load to a destination,
wherein the load includes at least 100 solid pellets having a probability, per pellet, of failing a crush-resistance test that does not exceed 0.25 when the height of the pellet load is of 1 meter.
2. A method for environmental risk reduction during transport of crude oil refinery feedstock, the method comprising:
receiving a load of solid pellets in a shipping container at an origin,
each pellet in said load of solid pellets including a mixture of crude oil refinery feedstock and a hydrocarbonaceous polymer, the polymer having a melting point temperature of at least 50° C., wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer to form the mixture is suitable for use as a feedstock to an oil refinery to separate the crude oil refinery feedstock into constituents that can be used as fuels, lubricants and feedstocks in petrochemical processes,
the polymer having a solubility in the crude oil such that the crude oil refinery feedstock maintains compatibility with the oil refinery to allow separation of the crude oil refinery feedstock into said constituents, and
transporting the shipping container with the load to a destination,
wherein the load includes 100 solid pellets having a probability, per pellet, of failing a crush-resistance test that does not exceed 0.25 when the height of the pellet load is of 5 meters.
3. A method for environmental risk reduction during transport of crude oil refinery feedstock, the method comprising:
receiving a load of solid pellets in a shipping container at an origin,
each pellet in said load of solid pellets including a mixture of crude oil refinery feedstock and a hydrocarbonaceous polymer, the polymer having a melting point temperature of at least 50° C., wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer to form the mixture is suitable for use as a feedstock to an oil refinery to separate the crude oil refinery feedstock into constituents that can be used as fuels, lubricants and feedstocks in petrochemical processes,
the polymer having a solubility in the crude oil such that the crude oil refinery feedstock maintains compatibility with the oil refinery to allow separation of the crude oil refinery feedstock into said constituents, and
transporting the shipping container with the load to a destination,
the load including 100 solid pellets having a probability, per pellet, of failing a crush-resistance test that does not exceed 0.25 when the height of the pellet load is of 10 meters.
4. A method for environmental risk reduction during transport of crude oil refinery feedstock, the method comprising:
receiving a load of solid pellets in a shipping container at an origin,
each pellet in said load of solid pellets including a mixture of crude oil refinery feedstock and a hydrocarbonaceous polymer, the polymer having a melting point temperature of at least 50° C., wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer to form the mixture is suitable for use as a feedstock to an oil refinery to separate the crude oil refinery feedstock into constituents that can be used as fuels, lubricants and feedstocks in petrochemical processes,
the polymer having a solubility in the crude oil such that the crude oil refinery feedstock maintains compatibility with the oil refinery to allow separation of the crude oil refinery feedstock into said constituents, and
transporting the shipping container with the load to a destination,
the load including 100 solid pellets having a probability, per pellet, of failing a crush-resistance test that does not exceed 0.25 when the height of the pellet load is of 20 meters.
5. The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising unloading the pellets from the shipping container at the destination using automated unloading equipment.
6. The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising loading the pellets into the shipping container at the origin using automated loading equipment.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the shipping container is a railcar.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each pellet in said load of pellets includes a core and a shell enclosing the core.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the core includes at least a portion of the mixture.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solubility of the polymer into the crude oil refinery feedstock at a temperature of 150° C. is less than 5 wt. %.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solubility of the polymer into the crude oil refinery feedstock at a temperature of 150° C. is less than 0.5 wt. %.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solubility of the polymer into the crude oil refinery feedstock at a temperature of 150° C. is less than 0.05 wt. %.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solubility of the polymer into the crude oil refinery feedstock at a temperature of 150° C. is less than 0.01 wt. %.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock recovered from the mixture has a boiling point distribution which does not vary by more than about 5% in degree Celsius compared to the boiling point distribution of the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock recovered from the mixture has a pour point which does not vary by more than about 3° C. compared to the pour point of the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crude oil refinery feedstock recovered from the mixture has a flash point which is substantially identical to the flash point of the crude oil refinery feedstock before being mixed with the polymer.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous polymer has a melting point temperature of less than about 180° C.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous polymer includes a polyethylene.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous polymer includes high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate (PEVA), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), or any combinations thereof.
20. The method according to claim 19 , the hydrocarbonaceous polymer being a crossed-linked polymer.
21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous polymer is present in the core in a quantity of from about 1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % relative to a total weight of a respective pellet in said load of pellets.
22. The method according to claim 1 , the hydrocarbonaceous polymer being a first hydrocarbonaceous polymer, wherein the shell includes a second hydrocarbonaceous polymer.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the first hydrocarbonaceous polymer and the second hydrocarbonaceous polymer are different.
24. The method according to claim 22 , the second hydrocarbonaceous polymer being present in the shell in a quantity of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 20 wt. % relative to a total weight of a respective pellet in said load of pellets.
25. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the shell has a thickness of less than about 5 mm.
26. The method according to claim 8 , the shell having a shape selected from spherical, lozenge-like, cylindrical, discoidal, tabular, ellipsoidal, flaky, acicular, ovoid, pillow shaped and any combinations thereof.
27. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the pellet has a maximal extent of less than 12 inches.
28. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of extracting the crude oil refinery feedstock from the ground and processing the crude oil refinery feedstock to obtain said load of solid pellets.
29. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said crude oil refinery feedstock is derived from oil sands.