AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS INCLUDING MOLYBDENUM
An austenitic stainless steel comprises, by weight, 9 to 23% chromium, 30 to 35% nickel, 1 to 6% molybdenum, 0 to 0.03% titanium, 0.15% to 0.6% aluminum, up to 0.1% carbon, 1 to 1.5% manganese, 0 to less than 0.8% silicon, 0.25 to 0.6% niobium and iron. Embodiments of austenitic stainless steels according to the present invention exhibit enhanced resistance to corrosion. Thus, the stainless steels of the present invention may find broad application as, for example, automotive components and, more particularly, as automotive exhaust system flexible connectors and other components, as well as in other applications in which corrosion resistance is desired.
1 . An austenitic stainless steel consisting of, in percent by weight:
19% to 21.5% chromium;
30% to 35% nickel;
1% to 2.7% molybdenum;
0 to 0.005% titanium;
0.15% to 0.4% aluminum;
0 to 0.01% carbon
1% to 1.5% manganese;
0 to less than 0.8% silicon;
0.3% to 0.5% niobium;
0 to 0.4% copper;
0 to 0.05% phosphorus;
0 to 0.02% sulfur;
0 to 0.1% nitrogen; and
balance iron and incidental impurities.
2 . The austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 , wherein the austenitic stainless steel has an ASTM grain size number of at least 7.
3 . An article of manufacture made of the austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 .
4 . The article of manufacture of claim 3 , wherein the article of manufacture is a strip coil.
5 . The article of manufacture of claim 3 , wherein the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of an automotive exhaust system component, an automotive exhaust system flexible connector, a heating element sheath, and a gasket.
6 . The article of manufacture of claim 5 , wherein the article of manufacture is an automotive exhaust system flexible connector.
7 . An automobile comprising an article of manufacture made of the austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 , wherein the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of an automotive exhaust system component, an automotive exhaust system flexible connector, a heating element sheath, and a gasket.
8 . The automobile of claim 7 , wherein the article of manufacture is an automotive exhaust system flexible connector.
9 . An electric heat element comprising:
metal sheath made of the austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 ;
a resistance conductor enclosed within the sheath; and
a layer of electrically-insulating, heat-conducting material located between the metal sheath and the resistance conductor.
10 . The electric heat element of claim 9 , wherein the resistance conductor comprises a helically wound wire; and wherein the electrically-insulating, heat-conducting material comprises granular magnesium oxide.
11 . A method for making an article of manufacture, the method comprising forming at least a portion of the article of manufacture from the austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 .
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the forming comprising a hydroforming operation.
13 . A method for producing an automotive exhaust system flexible connector comprising:
welding a strip of the austenitic stainless steel into a tube; and
hydroforming the tube into a corrugated flexible connector bellows.