IP Library › Granted Patent US 10,033,567

Granted Patent B2

US 10,033,567 · App. 15/438,566 · Granted Jul 24, 2018

Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

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Quick Facts

Patent No.: US 10,033,567
App. No.: 15/438,566
Granted: Jul 24, 2018
Kind: B2

External Links

USPTO Patent Center↗ Full Patent PDF↗

Abstract

A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus ( 10 ) comprises an encoder ( 11 ) that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator ( 12 ) that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator ( 12 ) is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation, the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB and the channel characteristics, a non-uniform constellation from a group of constellations comprising one or more of predetermined constellations defined by the constellation position vector u1 . . . v, wherein v=sqrt(M)/2−1.

Claims (1709)

1. A coding and modulation apparatus, comprising:

an encoder configured to encode input data into cell words;

a modulator configured to modulate the cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation (NUC); and

a converter that converts the constellation values into one or more data streams, wherein

the NUC is a 1024-QAM constellation,

the modulator is configured to use, based on a total number M constellation points of the NUC, the NUC defined by a constellation position vector wherein u 1 . . . v , wherein v=(sqrt(M)/2)−1:

u 1 =

1.0003

u 2 =

1.0149

u 3 =

1.0158

u 4 =

2.6848

u 5 =

2.6903

u 6 =

2.882

u 7 =

2.8747

u 8 =

4.7815

u 9 =

4.7619

u 10 =

5.5779

u 11 =

5.6434

u 12 =

7.3854

u 13 =

7.8797

u 14 =

9.635

u 15 =

11.7874,

M=1024, and

each constellation position of the constellation position vector describes five-bit labels for both real and imaginary components of the NIX according to the following:

Constellation mapping for real part of 1024-QAM

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

−31

−29

−27

−25

−23

−21

−19

−17

−15

−u 15

−u 14

−u 13

−u 12

−u 11

−u 10

−u 9

−u 8

−u 7

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

u 1

u 2

u 3

u 4

u 5

u 6

u 7

u 8

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

−13

−11

−9

−7

−5

−3

−1

Uniform

−u 6

−u 5

−u 4

−u 3

−u 2

−u 1

−1

NUC

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

Uniform

u 9

u 10

u 11

u 12

u 13

u 14

u 15

NUC

Constellation mapping for imaginary part of 1024-QAM

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

−31

−29

−27

−25

−23

−21

−19

−17

−15

−u 15

−u 14

−u 13

−u 12

−u 11

−u 10

−u 9

−u 8

−u 7

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

u 1

u 2

u 3

u 4

u 5

u 6

u 7

u 8

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

−13

−11

−9

−7

−5

−3

−1

Uniform

−u 6

−u 5

−u 4

−u 3

−u 2

−u 1

−1

NUC

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

Uniform

u 9

u 10

u 11

u 12

u 13

u 14

u 15

NUC

2. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the NUC further includes a constellation position u 0 with a value of 1.

3. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the positions u 0 . . . u 15 define cell words representing binary input data in a constellation.

4. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein each position of u 0 . . . u 15 represents respectively a positive and negative real and imaginary value which, when plotted against each other on a real and imaginary axis, represent positions of 1024 bit labels, the bit labels corresponding to the cell words.

5. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein each cell word comprises 10 bits.

6. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein a bit label corresponding to one constellation position on the real and imaginary axis differs by only one bit from a bit label for an adjacent constellation position.

7. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the encoder is a forward error correction code encoder.

8. The coding and modulation apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the modulator is configured to use the NUC so that, when power is normalized, the NUC is represented by a constellation position vector u 0 . . . v :

u 0 =

0.1275

u 1 =

0.1276

u 2 =

0.1294

u 3 =

0.1295

u 4 =

0.3424

u 5 =

0.3431

u 6 =

0.3675

u 7 =

0.3666

u 8 =

0.6097

u 9 =

0.6072

u 10 =

0.7113

u 11 =

0.7196

u 12 =

0.9418

u 13 =

1.0048

u 14 =

1.2286

u 15 =

1.5031.

9. The coding and modulation apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein each position of u 0 . . . u 15 represents respectively a positive and negative real and imaginary value which, when plotted against each other on a real and imaginary axis, represent positions of 1024 bit labels, the bit labels corresponding to the cell words.

10. A transmission apparatus, comprising:

the coding and modulation apparatus as recited in claim 1 ; and

a transmitter configured to transmit the one or more data streams.

11. The transmission apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit the one or more data streams for terrestrial delivery having fading channels.

12. A communications system, comprising:

one or more of the transmission apparatus as claimed in claim 10 ; and

one or more receiving apparatus.

13. A coding and modulation method, comprising:

encoding input data into cell words;

modulating, by circuitry, the cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation (NUC); and

converting said constellation values into one or more data streams, wherein

the NUC constellation is a 1024-QAM constellation,

in the modulating, the circuitry uses, based on a total number M constellation points of the NUC, the NUC defined by a constellation position vector u 1 . . . v , wherein v=(sqrt(M)/2)−1:

u 1 =

1.0003

u 2 =

1.0149

u 3 =

1.0158

u 4 =

2.6848

u 5 =

2.6903

u 6 =

2.882

u 7 =

2.8747

u 8 =

4.7815

u 9 =

4.7619

u 10 =

5.5779

u 11 =

5.6434

u 12 =

7.3854

u 13 =

7.8797

u 14 =

9.635

u 15 =

11.7874, and

M=1024, and

each constellation position of the constellation position vector describes five-bit labels for both real and imaginary components of the NUC according to the following:

Constellation mapping for real part of 1024-QAM

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

−31

−29

−27

−25

−23

−21

−19

−17

−15

−13

−11

−9

−7

−5

−3

−1

Uniform

−u 15

−u 14

−u 13

−u 12

−u 11

−u 10

−u 9

−u 8

−u 7

−u 6

−u 5

−u 4

−u 3

−u 2

−u 1

−1

NUC

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

Uniform

u 1

u 2

u 3

u 4

u 5

u 6

u 7

u 8

u 9

u 10

u 11

u 12

u 13

u 14

u 15

NUC

Constellation mapping for imaginary part of 1024-QAM

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

−31

−29

−27

−25

−23

−21

−19

−17

−15

−13

−11

−9

−7

−5

−3

−1

Uniform

−u 15

−u 14

−u 13

−u 12

−u 11

−u 10

−u 9

−u 8

−u 7

−u 6

−u 5

−u 4

−u 3

−u 2

−u 1

−1

NUC

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

Uniform

u 1

u 2

u 3

u 4

u 5

u 6

u 7

u 8

u 9

u 10

u 11

u 12

u 13

u 14

u 15

NUC

14. The coding and modulation method according to claim 13 , further comprising modifying the NUC to further include a constellation position u 0 with a value of 1.

15. The coding and modulation method according to claim 14 , wherein

in the modulating, the circuitry uses the NIX so that, when power is normalized, the NUC is represented by a constellation position vector u 0 . . . v :

u 0 =

0.1275

u 1 =

0.1276

u 2 =

0.1294

u 3 =

0.1295

u 4 =

0.3424

u 5 =

0.3431

u 6 =

0.3675

u 7 =

0.3666

u 8 =

0.6097

u9 =

0.6072

u 10 =

0.7113

u 11 =

0.7196

u 12 =

0.9418

u 13 =

1.0048

u 14 =

1.2286

u 15 =

1.5031.

16. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer program instructions which, when executed by a computer including the circuitry, causes the computer to perform the coding and modulation method of claim 13 .

17. A receiving method, comprising

demodulating cell words modulated and encoded according to the coding and modulation method of claim 13 .

18. A decoder and demodulation apparatus, comprising:

a converter that converts one or more data streams into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation (NUC);

a demodulator configured to demodulate the constellation values into cell words; and

a decoder configured to decode cell words into input data, wherein

the NUC is a 1024-QAM constellation,

the demodulator is configured to use, based on a total number M constellation points of the NUC, the NUC is defined by a constellation position vector u 1 . . . v , v=(sqrt(M)/2)−1:

u 1 =

1.0003

u 2 =

1.0149

u 3 =

1.0158

u 4 =

2.6848

u 5 =

2.6903

u 6 =

2.882

u 7 =

2.8747

u 8 =

4.7815

u 9 =

4.7619

u 10 =

5.5779

u 11 =

5.6434

u 12 =

7.3854

u 13 =

7.8797

u 14 =

9.635

u 15 =

11.7874,

M=1024, and

each constellation position of the constellation position vector describes five-bit labels for both of real and imaginary components of the NIX according to the following:

Constellation mapping for real part of 1024-QAM

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

−31

−29

−27

−25

−23

−21

−19

−17

−15

−13

−11

−9

−7

−5

−3

−1

Uniform

−u 15

−u 14

−u 13

−u 12

−u 11

−u 10

−u 9

−u 8

−u 7

−u 6

−u 5

−u 4

−u 3

−u 2

−u 1

−1

NUC

Y 0,q

y 2,q

y 4,q

y 6,q

y 8,q

Re(z q )

Uniform

u 1

u 2

u 3

u 4

u 5

u 6

u 7

u 8

u 9

u 10

u 11

u 12

u 13

u 14

u 15

NUC

Constellation mapping for imaginary part of 1024-QAM

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

−31

−29

−27

−25

−23

−21

−19

−17

−15

−13

−11

−9

−7

−5

−3

−1

Uniform

−u 15

−u 14

−u 13

−u 12

−u 11

−u 10

−u 9

−u 8

−u 7

−u 6

−u 5

−u 4

−u 3

−u 2

−u 1

−1

NUC

y 1,q

y 3,q

y 5,q

y 7,q

y 9,q

Im(z q )

Uniform

u 1

u 2

u 3

u 4

u 5

u 6

u 7

u 8

u 9

u 10

u 11

u 12

u 13

u 14

u 15

NUC

19. The decoder and demodulation apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein

the NUC further includes a constellation position u 0 with a value of 1, and

the demodulator is configured to use the NUC so that, when power is normalized, the NUC is represented by a constellation position vector u 0 . . . v :

u 0 =

0.1275

u 1 =

0.1276

u 2 =

0.1294

u 3 =

0.1295

u 4 =

0.3424

u 5 =

0.3431

u 6 =

0.3675

u 7 =

0.3666

u 8 =

0.6097

u9 =

0.6072

u 10 =

0.7113

u 11 =

0.7196

u 12 =

0.9418

u 13 =

1.0048

u 14 =

1.2286

u 15 =

1.5031.

20. The receiver apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein each position of u 0 . . . u 15 represents respectively a positive and negative real and imaginary value which, when plotted against each other on a real and imaginary axis, represent positions of 1024 bit labels, the bit labels corresponding to the cell words.

21. A receiver apparatus, comprising:

the decoder and demodulation apparatus according to claim 18 ; and

a receiver configured to receive the one or more data streams.

22. The receiver apparatus according to claim 21 , wherein the receiver is configured to receive the one or more data streams for terrestrial delivery having fading channels.