Method and apparatus for remote detection and monitoring of functional chronotropic incompetence
Methods and apparatus to determine the presence of and track functional chronotropic incompetence (hereinafter “CI”) in an in-home setting under conditions of daily living. The functional CI of the patient may be determined with one or more of a profile of measured patient heart rates, a measured maximum patient heart rate, or a peak of the heart rate profile. The functional CI of the patient may be determined with the measured heart rate profile, in which the measured heart rate profile may correspond to heart rates substantially less than the maximum heart rate of the patient, such that the heart rate can be safely measured when the patient is remote from a health care provider. The functional CI of the patient may be determined based a peak of the remotely measured heart rate profile, for example a peak corresponding to the mode of the heart rate distribution profile.
1. An apparatus to monitor a patient, the apparatus comprising,
an adherent device comprising a support with an adhesive to adhere at least two electrodes to the skin of the patient; and
a processor system comprising at least one processor having a tangible medium with instructions of a computer program embodied thereon, the processor system configured to:
receive heart rate data of the patient, the heart rate data comprising a plurality of measurements of the patient's heart rate taken over a period of time without a cardiac stress test by the adherent device associated with the patient;
determine, from the heart rate data, a maximum heart rate (MHR) of the patient during the period of time;
determine an age predicted maximum heart rate of the patient based on the patient's age (APMHR);
compare the determined MHR to the determined APMHR to provide a ratio of MHR:APMHR;
receive activity data of the patient, the activity data comprising a plurality of measurements of the patient's activity level taken over the same period of time as the heart rate data;
calculate a correlation between the heart rate data and the activity data;
receive respiration data of the patient, the respiration data comprising a plurality of measurements of the patient's breath rate taken over the same period of time as the heart rate data;
calculate a correlation between the respiration data and the heart rate data; and
identify chronotropic incompetence based, at least in part, on the calculated correlation between the heart rate data and the activity data, the calculated correlation between the respiration data and the heart rate data, and the ratio of MHR:APMHR, when the determined MHR is less than the determined APMHR.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the correlation between the heart rate data and the activity data is calculated as a linear correlation that represents a best fit of the heart rate data and the activity data.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the linear correlation is described, in part, by a slope value that describes how heart rate of the patient increases in response to an increase in activity level.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor system is further configured to generate an alert if the patient's activity level does not exceed a minimum activity threshold, wherein the alert prompts the patient to increase activity level.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor system is further configured to:
construct a histogram of the measurements of the patient's heart rate; and
identify chronotropic incompetence of the patient based, in addition, on the shape of the histogram.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the computer program comprises instructions to determine a peak of the histogram and a first portion of the histogram and a second portion of the histogram, the first portion corresponding to a first amount of occurrences of first heart rates lower than the heart rate corresponding to the peak of the histogram and the second portion corresponding to a second amount of occurrences of second heart rates greater than the heart rate corresponding to the peak of the histogram, and wherein the chronotropic incompetence is identified based on a comparison of the second amount of occurrences to the first amount of occurrences.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein chronotropic incompetence is identified when the first amount of occurrences is substantially greater than the second amount of occurrences.
8. A method of monitoring a patient to detect chronotropic incompetence, the method comprising:
adhering to the skin of a patient an adherent device comprising a support with an adhesive and at least two electrodes;
receiving heart rate data of the patient, the heart rate data comprising a plurality of measurements of the patient's heart rate taken over a period of time when the patient is remote from the clinic by the adherent device associated with the patient;
determining, from the heart rate data, a maximum heart rate (MHR) of the patient during the period of time;
determining an age predicted maximum heart rate of the patient based on the patient's age (APMHR);
comparing the determined MHR to the determined APMHR to provide a ratio of MHR:APMHR;
receiving activity data of the patient, the activity data comprising a plurality of measurements of the patient's activity level taken over the same period of time as the heart rate data;
calculating a correlation between the heart rate data and the activity data;
receiving respiration data of the patient, the respiration data comprising a plurality of measurements of the patient's breath rate taken over the same period of time as the heart rate data;
calculating a correlation between the respiration data and the heart rate data; and
identifying chronotropic incompetence based, at least in part, on the calculated correlation between the heart rate data and the activity data, the calculated correlation between the respiration data and the heart rate data, and the ratio of MHR:APMHR, when the determined MHR is less than the determined APMHR.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the correlation between the heart rate data and the activity data is calculated as a linear correlation that represents a best fit of the heart rate data and the activity data.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the linear correlation is described, in part, by a slope value that describes how heart rate of the patient increases in response to an increase in activity level.
11. The method of claim 8 , further including:
constructing a histogram of the measurements of the patient's heart rate; and
identifying chronotropic incompetence based, in addition, on the shape of the histogram.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein identifying chronotropic incompetence includes determining a peak of the histogram and a first portion of the histogram and a second portion of the histogram, the first portion corresponding to a first amount of occurrences of first heart rates lower than the heart rate corresponding to the peak of the histogram and the second portion corresponding to a second amount of occurrences of second heart rates greater than the heart rate corresponding to the peak of the histogram, wherein chronotropic incompetence is identified based on a comparison of the second amount of occurrences to the first amount of occurrences.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein chronotropic incompetence is identified when the first amount of occurrences is substantially greater than the second amount of occurrences.