Electrolyte formulations for energy storage devices

1. An energy storage device comprising:

a cathode;

an anode;

a separator between the cathode and the anode; and

an electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives;

wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), a hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, and a fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), and combinations thereof;

wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %; and

wherein the solvent comprises EC (ethylene carbonate)/PC (propylene carbonate)/DEC (diethylcarbonate) in a ratio of about 3:1:4 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC (dimethylcarbonate)/EB (ethyl butyrate) in a ratio of about 1:1:1:1 by volume, EC/EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) in a ratio of about 3:7 by volume, EC/EMC/MP (methyl propionate) in a ratio of about 1:1:8 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC in a ratio of about 1:1:1:2 by volume, or EC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1 by volume.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises an ester selected from the group consisting of MP, EB, MB (methyl butyrate), EA (ethyl acetate), and combinations thereof.

3. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is LiPF 6 .

4. The energy storage device of claim 3 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.4 M.

5. The energy storage device of claim 3 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.6 to 0.95 M.

6. A method for fabricating an energy storage device comprising:

providing a cathode;

providing an anode;

placing a separator between the cathode and the anode;

inserting the cathode, the anode, and the separator into a housing; and

adding an electrolyte to the housing, and contacting the electrolyte with the cathode and the anode;

wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives;

wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of an anode passivation film forming agent, a cathode protection and overcharge protection agent, and an electrolyte stabilizer, and combinations thereof;

wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %; and

wherein the solvent comprises EC (ethylene carbonate)/PC (propylene carbonate)/DEC (diethylcarbonate) in a ratio of about 3:1:4 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC (dimethylcarbonate)/EB (ethyl butyrate) in a ratio of about 1:1:1:1 by volume, EC/EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) in a ratio of about 3:7 by volume, EC/EMC/MP (methyl propionate) in a ratio of about 1:1:8 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC in a ratio of about 1:1:1:2 by volume, or EC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1 by volume.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anode comprises a current collector and an electrode film formed using a dry process from a dry particles mixture.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solvent comprises an ester selected from the group consisting of MP, EB, MB (methyl butyrate), EA (ethyl acetate), and combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the lithium salt is LiPF 6 .

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.4 M.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the LiPF 6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.6 to 0.95 M.

12. A battery comprising the energy storage device of claim 1 .

13. A method of fabricating a battery comprising the method of claim 6 .