CRISPR/cas systems for c1-fixing bacteria

1. A method of genetically engineering a C1-fixing bacterium comprising introducing into a C1-fixing bacterium containing a DNA molecule comprising a target sequence an engineered, non-naturally occurring Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas) system comprising one or more vectors comprising:

(a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a guide RNA that hybridizes with the target sequence and

(b) a nucleotide sequence encoding a type-II Cas9 protein under the control of an inducible promoter;

wherein the inducible promoter is ipl12;

wherein the Cas9 interacts with the DNA molecule; and

wherein expression of a gene product or a nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule is altered.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CRISPR/Cas system further comprises on the one or more vectors:

(c) a nucleotide sequence comprising a 5′ homology arm that hybridizes upstream of the target sequence and a 3′ homology arm that hybridizes downstream of the target sequence,

whereby the 5′ homology arm and the 3′ homology arm hybridize with the DNA molecule and homologous recombination occurs, resulting in the replacement of the target sequence with DNA located between the 5′ homology arm and the 3′ homology arm.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the DNA located between the 5′ homology arm and the 3′ homology arm disrupts the DNA molecule, whereby expression of the gene product of the DNA molecule is decreased.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the DNA located between the 5′ homology arm and the 3′ homology arm encodes an exogenous gene, whereby the homologous recombination inserts the exogenous gene into the DNA molecule.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the C1-fixing bacterium expresses the exogenous gene.

6. The method of claim 2 , wherein (a), (b), and (c) are located on the same or different vectors.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 is catalytically active.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 is nickase Cas9.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 is catalytically inactive.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 cleaves the DNA molecule and expression of the gene product of the DNA molecule is decreased.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 blocks the DNA molecule and expression of the gene product of the DNA molecule is decreased.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) and (b) are located on the same or different vectors.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CRISPR/Cas system is derived from Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus thermophilus.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C1-fixing bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Acetobacterium woodii, Alkalibaculum bacchii, Blautia producta, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium carboxidivorans, Clostridium coskatii, Clostridium drakei, Clostridium formicoaceticum, Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium magnum, Clostridium ragsdalei, Clostridium scatologenes, Eubacterium limosum, Moorella thermautotrophica, Moorella thermoacetica, Oxobacter pfennigii, Sporomusa ovata, Sporomusa silvacetica, Sporomusa sphaeroides , and Thermoanaerobacter kiuvi.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C1-fixing bacterium is Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium ljungdahlii , or Clostridium ragsdalei.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the C1-fixing bacterium is Clostridium autoethanogenum.