Polymer-modified asphalt for drilling fluid applications
Polymer-modified asphalt is used in drilling fluids for filtration control, lost circulation control, drill string differential sticking prevention, or wellbore stabilization. The latex modified asphalt provides a mixture of latex-asphalt complex, asphalt, and latex particles that help maintain wellbore stability while drilling into shale formations. The polymer-modified latex is effective for controlling laminated and microfractured shale. Polymers may be functionalized to react with the asphalt to create copolymer modifications of the asphalt for improved performance as drilling fluid additives. The drilling fluids may be water-based or oil-based, or based on an emulsion of oil and water.
1. A method of drilling through a subterranean formation comprising:
drilling through the subterranean formation with a drilling fluid comprising:
a water-based base fluid; and
a polymer-modified asphalt dispersed in the base fluid, the polymer-modified asphalt comprising:
particulate asphalt; and
a polymer latex;
where the polymer latex is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl-acetate, ethylene-methacrylate, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer, epoxy resins, natural rubber, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, reclaimed tire rubber, crumb rubber modifiers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, isoprene, reactive-ethylene-terpolymers, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-acrylate copolymer, acrylates, ethyl-methacrylate, ethyl-butyl-acrylate, butyl rubber, polychloroprene, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene, polychloroprene, natural rubber latex (NRL), ethylene/glycidyl/acrylate (EGA), and combinations thereof; and
further where the selected polymer latex is functionalized to react with the particulate asphalt, and functionalization is selected from the group consisting of
reacting the selected polymer latex with a sulfonate to sulfonate the selected polymer latex;
copolymerizing the selected polymer latex with a polyethylene containing epoxy rings; and
combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 where the functionalized polymer latex has an overall anionic charge.
3. The method of claim 1 where:
the polymer modified asphalt comprises an emulsion of polymer-modified asphalt particles; and
the proportion of particulate asphalt to polymer latex in the polymer-modified asphalt ranges from:
about 40 wt % to about 75 wt % asphalt; and
about 1.5 wt % to about 15 wt % polymer.
4. The method of claim 3 where particle size distribution of the polymer-modified asphalt particles in the emulsion is d50 of about 0.100 to about 100 microns.
5. The method of claim 1 where the polymer-modified asphalt is made by a process comprising:
melting a solid asphalt;
shearing the melted asphalt while adding dry polymer particles to give an asphalt-polymer mixture;
cooling the asphalt-polymer mixture;
grinding the cooled asphalt-polymer mixture to give a ground mixture of polymer modified asphalt; and
where:
the proportion of asphalt in the asphalt-polymer mixture ranges from about 70 wt % to about 98.5 wt %; and
the proportion of polymer latex ranges in the asphalt-polymer mixture from about 1.5 wt % to about 30 wt %.
6. The method of claim 5 where the ground mixture has a particle size distribution of d50 of about 1 to about 1000 microns.
7. The method of claim 1 where the polymer modified asphalt comprises an emulsion and further comprises an emulsifier, the base fluid is water, and the polymer modified asphalt emulsion comprises:
about 40 wt % to about 75 wt % particulate polymer-modified asphalt;
about 25 wt % to about 60 wt % water; and
about 0.1 wt % to about 2.5 wt % emulsifier.
8. The method of claim 7 where the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of tall oils, sodium lignosulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates, ethoxylated nonyl phenols, polyethylene glycol tallow amines, fatty amines, fatty amine and organic resin mixtures, amidoamines, hydrogenated tallow alkyl amines, soya alkyl amines, N-tall oil alkyltrimethylenediamines, polyethylene glycol tallow propylenedimonium dichlorides, N-tallow alkyl tris(trimethylene)tetra amine, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 where the particulate asphalt ranges in size from about 0.1 to about 20 microns in diameter.
10. The method of claim 1 where the method further comprises a process selected from the group consisting of:
controlling filtration,
controlling lost circulation,
preventing drill string differential sticking,
stabilizing a wellbore, and
controlling laminated or microfractured shale;
and where the amount of polymer-modified asphalt in the drilling fluid is effective to increase at least one property of the drilling fluid as compared to an identical drilling fluid absent the polymer-modified asphalt, where the at least one property is selected from the group consisting of:
filtration control,
lost circulation control,
drill string differential sticking prevention,
wellbore stabilization, and
controlling laminated or microfractured shale, respectively to each process.
11. A method of drilling through a subterranean formation comprising:
drilling through the subterranean formation with a drilling fluid comprising:
a base fluid selected from the group consisting of water-based fluids, oil-based fluids, and combinations thereof; and
a polymer-modified asphalt dispersed in the base fluid comprising:
particulate asphalt ranging in size from 0.1 to 20 microns in diameter; and
a polymer latex selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA), ethylene-methacrylate (EMA), styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), Zn-sulfonated-SBS, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-isoprene block copolymer (SIS), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM), epoxy resins, natural rubber, polybutadiene (PB), polyisoprene, reclaimed tire rubber, crumb rubber modifiers (CRM), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), isoprene, reactive-ethylene-terpolymers (RET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-acrylate copolymer, acrylates, ethyl-methacrylate (EMA), ethyl-butyl-acrylate (EBA), butyl rubber, polychloroprene, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), polychloroprene (Neoprene), natural rubber latex (NRL), ethylene/glycidyl/acrylate (EGA), and combinations thereof;
further where the selected polymer latex is functionalized to react with the particulate asphalt, and functionalization is selected from the group consisting of
reacting the selected polymer latex with a sulfonate to sulfonate the selected polymer latex;
copolymerizing the selected polymer latex with a polyethylene containing epoxy rings; and
combinations thereof;
where the functionalized polymer latex has increased dispersability as compared with a polymer latex that is not functionalized.
12. The method of claim 11 where:
the polymer-modified asphalt comprises an emulsion of polymer-modified asphalt particles; and
the proportion of particulate asphalt to polymer latex in the polymer-modified asphalt ranges from:
about 40 wt % to about 75 wt % asphalt; and
about 1.5 wt % to about 15 wt % polymer.
13. The method of claim 12 where particle size distribution of the polymer-modified asphalt particles in the emulsion is d50 of about 0.100 to about 100 microns.
14. A method of drilling through a subterranean formation comprising:
drilling through a subterranean formation with a drilling fluid comprising:
a water-based base fluid; and
a polymer-modified asphalt dispersed in the base fluid comprising:
about 25 wt % to about 60 wt % water; and
about 40 wt % to about 75 wt % polymer-modified asphalt dispersed in the water comprising:
particulate asphalt ranging in size from 0.1 to 20 microns in diameter; and
a polymer latex; and
about 0.1 wt % to about 2.5 wt % emulsifier;
where the polymer latex is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA), ethylene-methacrylate (EMA), styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), Zn-sulfonated-SBS, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-isoprene block copolymer (SIS), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM), epoxy resins, natural rubber, polybutadiene (PB), polyisoprene, reclaimed tire rubber, crumb rubber modifiers (CRM), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), isoprene, reactive-ethylene-terpolymers (RET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-acrylate copolymer, acrylates, ethyl-methacrylate (EMA), ethyl-butyl-acrylate (EBA), butyl rubber, polychloroprene, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), polychloroprene (Neoprene), natural rubber latex (NRL), ethylene/glycidyl/acrylate (EGA), and combinations thereof; and
further where the selected polymer latex is functionalized to react with the particulate asphalt, and functionalization is selected from the group consisting of
reacting the selected polymer latex with a sulfonate to sulfonate the selected polymer latex;
copolymerizing the selected polymer latex with a polyethylene containing epoxy rings; and
combinations thereof;
where the functionalized polymer latex has increased dispersability as compared with a polymer latex that is not functionalized.
15. The method of claim 14 where the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, sodium lignosulfonate, alpha olefin sulfonate, ethoxylated nonyl phenol, polyethylene glycol tallow amines, fatty amines, fatty amine and organic resins mixture, amidoamine, hydrogenated tallow alkyl amines, soya alkyl amines, N-tall oil alkyltrimethylenediamines, polyethylene glycol tallow propylenedimonium dichloride, N-tallow alkyl tris(trimethylene)tetra amine, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 14 where the polymer modified asphalt is made by a process comprising:
melting a solid asphalt;
shearing the melted asphalt while adding dry polymer particles to give an asphalt-polymer mixture;
cooling the asphalt-polymer mixture;
grinding the cooled asphalt-polymer mixture to give a ground mixture of polymer modified asphalt; and
where
the proportion of asphalt in the asphalt-polymer mixture ranges from about 70 wt % to about 98.5 wt %; and
the proportion of polymer latex ranges in the asphalt-polymer mixture from about 1.5 wt % to about 30 wt %.