Immobilization of an active agent on a substrate

1. A method of immobilizing an active agent on a substrate surface, comprising the steps of:

depositing a primer compound on a substrate, thereby forming a primed substrate;

contacting the primed substrate with a solution of a compound including a trihydroxyphenyl group, thereby forming a trihydroxyphenyl-treated primed substrate; and

contacting the trihydroxyphenyl-treated primed substrate with a solution of an active agent, thereby forming a substrate with an active agent immobilized on the surface thereof, wherein the compound including a trihydroxyphenyl group is selected from the group consisting of gallic acid, phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, gallamide, 5-methyl-benzene-1,2,3-triol, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, gallacetophenone, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride, methyl gallate, pyrogallol, salts of the foregoing, and combinations thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of contacting the trihydroxyphenyl-treated primed substrate with a solution of a linker compound thereby coupling the linker compound to the trihydroxyphenyl group and/or the primer compound of the trihydroxyphenyl-treated primed substrate, prior to contacting the trihydroxyphenyl-treated substrate with the solution of active agent.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of metal substrates, inorganic oxide substrates, ceramic substrates, polymer substrates, semiconductor substrates and combinations thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of modifying the surface of the substrate prior to contacting the substrate with the solution of the primer compound.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a surface of a medical device or medical device component.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the medical device comprises an extracorporeal blood circuit or components of an extracorporeal blood circuit.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the primer compound is selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharides, polyamines, amino functionalized silanes, mercaptosilanes, and combinations thereof.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of antimicrobial agents, antifouling agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antithrombogenic agents, and combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of chitosan, linear polyethylene glycol, looped polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol derivatives, fractionated heparin, unfractionated heparin, heparin derivatives, quaternary ammonium polymers, albumin, polyethylenimine, 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives, and combinations of the foregoing.

10. A method of immobilizing an active agent on a substrate surface, comprising the steps of:

depositing a primer compound on the substrate thereby forming a primed substrate;

combining in solution a compound including a trihydroxyphenyl group and an active agent, thereby forming a solution of an active agent-trihydroxyphenyl conjugate; and

contacting the primed substrate with the solution of the active agent-trihydroxyphenyl conjugate, thereby coupling the trihydroxyphenyl group of the active agent-trihydroxyphenyl conjugate to the primed substrate and forming a substrate with an active agent immobilized on the surface thereof, wherein the compound including a trihydroxyphenyl group is selected from the group consisting of gallic acid, phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, gallamide, 5-methyl-benzene-1,2,3-triol, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, gallacetophenone, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride, methyl gallate, pyrogallol, salts of the foregoing, and combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising the step of contacting the trihydroxyphenyl-treated primed substrate with a solution of a linker compound thereby coupling the linker compound to the trihydroxyphenyl group and/or the primer compound of the trihydroxyphenyl-treated primed substrate, prior to contacting the trihydroxyphenyl-treated substrate with the solution of active agent.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of metal substrates, inorganic oxide substrates, ceramic substrates, polymer substrates, semiconductor substrates and combinations thereof.

13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising the step of modifying the surface of the substrate prior to contacting the substrate with the solution of the primer compound.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substrate comprises a surface of a medical device or medical device component.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the medical device comprises an extracorporeal blood circuit or components of an extracorporeal blood circuit.

16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the primer compound is selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharides, polyamines, amino functionalized silanes, mercaptosilanes, and combinations thereof.

17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of antimicrobial agents, antifouling agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antithrombogenic agents, and combinations thereof.

18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of chitosan, linear polyethylene glycol, looped polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol derivatives, fractionated heparin, unfractionated heparin, heparin derivatives, quaternary ammonium polymers, albumin, polyethylenimine, 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives, and combinations of the foregoing.

19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solution of the primer compound is at a pH in a range of about 7.5 to about 9.5.