Material supply for magnetohydrodynamic metal manufacturing
Devices, systems, and methods are directed to applying magnetohydrodynamic forces to liquid metal to eject liquid metal from a nozzle along a controlled pattern, such as a controlled three-dimensional pattern as part of additive manufacturing of an object. A feeder system can provide a continuous or substantially continuous supply of a solid metal to the nozzle to facilitate a correspondingly continuous or substantially continuous process for ejecting liquid metal as part of a commercially viable manufacturing process.
1. A manufacturing system, the system comprising:
a nozzle including
a housing defining a fluid chamber, the fluid chamber having an inlet region and a discharge region,
one or more magnets disposed relative to the housing with a magnetic field of the magnet directed through the housing, and
electrodes defining at least a portion of a firing chamber within the fluid chamber between the inlet region and the discharge region, the electrodes arranged relative to the magnet such that electric current flowing between the electrodes intersects the magnetic field in the firing chamber to eject liquid metal from the discharge region; and
a robotic system coupled to the nozzle and movable to position the discharge region along a controlled pattern; and
a feeder system engageable with a metal wire, the feeder system actuatable to direct the metal wire into the fluid chamber, via the inlet region, as liquid metal is ejected from the discharge region along the controlled pattern to form an object; and
a sensor directed toward the inlet region, the sensor configured to detect an interface between the metal wire and the liquid metal along a predetermined axial distance on each side of the inlet region, and the sensor in electrical communication with the feeder system to change a rate of movement of the metal wire into the inlet region based on a signal received from the sensor.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the feeder system includes a plurality of rollers engageable with the metal wire, the plurality of rollers rotatable to feed the metal wire into the fluid chamber.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a heater in thermal communication with the fluid chamber.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the heater includes an induction heater.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the feeder system is actuatable to direct the metal wire into the inlet region at a variable rate, the variable rate based at least in part upon a rate of liquid metal ejection from the discharge region.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to detect a discontinuity between the metal wire and the liquid metal along the predetermined axial distance on each side of the inlet region.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined axial distance on each side of the inlet region is substantially equal to one-half of a maximum dimension of the inlet region.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes one or more of machine vision and an optical break-beam sensor.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a wiper movable relative to the inlet region to remove debris adjacent to or within the inlet region.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a source of pressurized gas actuatable to disperse pressurized gas relative to the inlet region to remove debris adjacent to or within the inlet region.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the source of pressurized gas is arranged to direct pressurized gas through the inlet region in a direction toward the discharge region.