Room and area disinfection utilizing pulsed light with modulated power flux and light systems with visible light compensation between pulses
Disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 20 Hz and project the pulses of light to surfaces at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus. The pulses of light comprise a pulse duration and an energy flux sufficient to generate a power flux between approximately 200 W/m 2 and approximately 5000 W/m 2 of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm at the surfaces. Other disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of light comprising germicidal light and visible light from a germicidal light source and generate pulses of light from a visible light source that is distinct from the germicidal light source. The projections of visible light from the light sources produce a continuous stream of visible light or a collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than 60 Hz.
1. A disinfection apparatus, comprising:
a germicidal pulsed light source arranged within the disinfection apparatus such that germicidal light generated from the germicidal pulsed light source is projected exterior to the disinfection apparatus;
trigger voltage circuitry for applying a trigger voltage to the germicidal pulsed light source at a set frequency greater than approximately 20 Hz;
power supply circuitry;
one or more electrical charge storage devices coupled to the power supply circuitry and to the germicidal pulsed light source;
pulse duration circuitry coupled between the one or more electrical charge storage devices and the germicidal pulsed light source, wherein the one or more electrical charge storage devices and the pulse duration circuitry are configured to discharge a set amount of stored energy in a set amount of time such that energy flux of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm generated at the germicidal pulsed light source is between approximately 20 J/m 2 and approximately 1000 J/m 2 ;
an occupancy sensor for determining presence of an individual in a region extending at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus;
a processor; and
program instructions executable by the processor for inhibiting and terminating the generation of light from the germicidal pulsed light source upon the occupancy sensor detecting presence of an individual.
2. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the trigger voltage circuitry is for applying trigger voltages at a frequency greater than approximately 40 Hz.
3. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the trigger voltage circuitry is for applying trigger voltages at a frequency greater than approximately 60 Hz.
4. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the trigger voltage circuitry is for applying trigger voltages at a frequency between approximately 55 Hz and approximately 80 Hz.
5. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrical charge storage devices and the pulse duration circuitry are configured to discharge a set amount of stored energy in a set amount of time such that energy flux of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm generated at the germicidal pulsed light source is between approximately 20 J/m 2 and approximately 500 J/m 2 .
6. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the germicidal pulsed light source has an exterior surface area between approximately 50 cm 2 and approximately 250 cm 2 .
7. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the germicidal pulsed light source is a polychromatic germicidal light source.
8. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein germicidal pulsed light source is a xenon discharge lamp.
9. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor for receiving data regarding the characteristics of an enclosed space in which the disinfection apparatus is to be operated.
10. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a housing surrounding the germicidal pulsed light source, wherein the sidewalls of the housing are transparent to ultraviolet light, and wherein the germicidal pulsed light source and the housing are arranged in the disinfection apparatus such that ultraviolet light emitted from the germicidal pulsed light source and transmitted through the housing is projected exterior to the disinfection apparatus;
a gas inlet disposed at a first end of the housing; and
a gas outlet disposed at a second end of the housing opposing the first end.
11. The disinfection apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising an ozone filter disposed in proximity to the gas outlet.
12. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the germicidal pulsed light source is arranged lengthwise substantially perpendicular to a horizontal plane of the disinfection apparatus.
13. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the disinfection apparatus is void of an opaque component 360° around an elongated portion of the germicidal pulsed light source such that light emitted from the germicidal pulsed light source encircles the disinfection apparatus at least 1 meter from the disinfection apparatus.
14. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising wheels to affect portability of the disinfection apparatus.
15. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the disinfection apparatus comprises an actuator for moving the germicidal pulsed light source within the disinfection apparatus.
16. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a battery connected to the power supply circuitry.
17. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a power cord and/or a power socket inlet comprising the support structure for connecting to a mains alternating current power supply of a building, wherein the power supply circuitry comprises:
a step-up transformer for increasing alternating current received via the power cord and/or the power socket inlet; and
a rectifier for converting alternating current received from the step-up transformer into direct current.
18. The disinfection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the germicidal pulsed light source generates ultraviolet light and visible light, wherein the disinfection apparatus further comprises a visible light source distinct from the germicidal pulsed light source, and wherein the visible light source and the germicidal pulsed light source comprise exterior surface areas within approximately 20% of each other.