Optical device and method for modifying the refractive index of an optical material
An optical device comprising an optical hydrogel with select regions that have been irradiated with laser light having a pulse energy from 0.01 nJ to 50 nJ and a wavelength from 600 nm to 900 nm. The irradiated regions are characterized by a positive change in refractive index of from 0.01 to 0.06, and exhibit little or no scattering loss. The optical hydrogel is prepared with a hydrophilic monomer.
1. An optical device comprising:
a hydrated, optical, polymeric material in the form of one of a contact lens, an intraocular lens, a corneal inlay, a corneal ring, and a keratoprothesis;
the hydrated, optical, polymeric material including selected regions that have been irradiated with laser light from a focused, visible or near-IR laser having a pulse energy from 0.05 nJ to 1000 nJ and a wavelength from 400 nm to 1200 nm, wherein the irradiated regions are characterized by a change in refractive index, and exhibit little or no scattering and wherein the selected regions of the hydrated, optical, polymeric material include a three-dimensional refractive structure.
2. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional refractive structure is formed by scanning the laser light over the selected regions of the hydrated, optical, polymeric material.
3. The optical device of claim 2 wherein the three-dimensional refractive structure is defined by a series of line scans, the line scans having a width from 0.2 μm to 3 μm, and a height from 0.4 μm to 8 μm, wherein the height is measured in a Z-direction parallel to the laser light.
4. The optical device of claim 2 wherein the three-dimensional refractive structure is a vertically stacked structure wherein the selected regions are formed separately in different planes in the hydrated, optical, polymeric material in a Z-direction parallel to the laser light.
5. The optical device of claim 4 wherein the vertically stacked structure includes a line grating written above another line grating.
6. The optical device of claim 2 wherein the three-dimensional refractive structure includes at least one of a series of lines and an array of discrete cylinders.
7. The optical device of claim 2 in which the three-dimensional refractive structure is a phase grating.
8. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the pulse energy of the laser light is from 0.2 nJ to 10 nJ.
9. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the laser generates light pulses having a pulse width of 4 fs to 100 fs.
10. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the three-dimensional refractive structure includes an area or volume filled structure formed by continuously scanning the laser light over the selected regions of the hydrated, optical, polymeric material.
11. The optical device of claim 10 wherein the volume filled structure is a three-dimensionally shaped lens.
12. The optical device of claim 11 in which the three-dimensionally shaped lens is shaped for imparting one of a positive correction and a negative correction.
13. The optical device of claim 12 in which the three-dimensionally shaped lens is made in various combinations of convex, plano, and concave shapes for imparting the correction.
14. The optical device of claim 11 in which the three-dimensionally shaped lens is one of a converging lens, a diverging lens, and a cylindrical lens.
15. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the hydrated, optical, polymeric material is a completely polymerized, optical material.
16. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the selected regions are characterized by a positive change in refractive index of from 0.01 to 0.06.
17. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the hydrated, optical, polymeric material has the form of the contact lens.