Methods and systems for metabolite and/or lipid-based detection of colorectal cancer and/or adenomatous polyps
Described herein are sets of metabolite and lipid (e.g., fatty acid) markers that can be used in the detection of early stage colorectal cancer and/or early development of adenomatous polyps. Presented herein are illustrative pathology-linked panels. In certain embodiments, the markers presented herein (or subsets thereof) are used as a panel for detecting either colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps at the same time. The markers presented herein include metabolites and lipids (e.g., fatty acid) freely detectable and accurately quantifiable in human serum. In certain embodiments, the sample may be plasma, urine, saliva, whole blood, dried blood spot or dried serum spot.
1. A method comprising:
(a) measuring, by mass spectrometry, a level of each of a plurality of species in a biological sample obtained from a body fluid of a human subject, wherein each of the plurality of species is at least one of a metabolite and a fatty acid and the plurality of species comprises α-linolenic acid
(b) determining a ratio of the measured level of S69 and the measured level of S153; and
(c) determining at least one of a presence of, a stage of, and a risk of adenomatous polyps in the human subject based, at least in part, on the ratio of the measured level of S69 and the measured level of S153.
2. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
determining at least one of a presence of, a risk of, and a stage of adenomatous polyps based, at least in part, on a ratio of the measured level of a species in the plurality of species and the measured level of S153 or hippuric acid (S63) being higher than a representative ratio for a control population.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the species in the plurality of species is octanoylcarnitine (AC 8:0) (S109), aspartylphenylalanine (S227), or S69.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises:
determining at least one of a presence of, a risk of, and a stage of adenomatous polyps further based, at least in part, on the measured level of S153 being lower than a representative level for a control population.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring step comprises measuring the level of each of the plurality of species using a LC-MS, GC-MS, DESI, or DART technique.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample comprises serum.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is serum, plasma, urine, saliva, whole blood, a dried blood spot, or a dried serum spot.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
introducing at least a portion of the biological sample into a C18 50 mm column, a C18 100 mm column, or an amide column to determine a quantification of metabolites, lipids or polar metabolic compounds, respectively, of the plurality of species.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
introducing at least a portion of the biological sample into a mass spectrometer by FIA based direct infusion injection to measure the level of a polyunsaturated fatty acid of the plurality of species.
10. The method of claim 1 , comprising measuring a stable isotopically labeled reference standard.