Use of semaphorin-4D binding molecules for treating neurodegenerative disorders

1. A method of treating a subject having a having, determined to have, or suspected of having a neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative disorder, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to SEMA4D, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a variable heavy chain (VH) comprising VHCDRs 1-3 comprising SEQ ID NOs 6, 7, and 8, respectively, and a variable light chain (VL) comprising VLCDRs 1-3 comprising SEQ ID NOs 14, 15, and 16, respectively, and wherein the binding to SEMA4D acts to alleviate symptoms associated with the disorder.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding molecule modulates astrocyte-mediated activity of oligodendrocyte-myelin function.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding molecule modulates astrocyte-mediated synaptic activity, thereby preventing neural cell death.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding molecule modulates astrocyte-mediated maintenance of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the VH and VL comprise, respectively, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 17 or SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 18.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from a group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Down syndrome, ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), HIV-related cognitive impairment, CNS Lupus, mild cognitive impairment, or a combination thereof.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is administered to the subject in combination with at least one or more other treatments for neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders, and wherein the other treatment is administered prior to, during, or subsequent to administering the antibody or fragment thereof to the subject.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.

9. A method of protecting inhibitory neurons from degeneration in early Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering to a subject having, determined to have, or suspected of having early Alzheimer's disease an effective amount of an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to SEMA4D, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a variable heavy chain (VH) comprising VHCDRs 1-3 comprising SEQ ID NOs 6, 7, and 8, respectively, and a variable light chain (VL) comprising VLCDRs 1-3 comprising SEQ ID NOs 14, 15, and 16, respectively, and wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof restores the number of somatostatin positive neurons, NYP-positive neurons, or both in the subject.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the VH and VL comprise, respectively, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 17 or SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 18.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof modulates astrocyte-mediated synaptic activity.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof modulates astrocyte-mediated maintenance of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein administration of the antibody or fragment thereof to the subject reduces the rate of neuronal cell death in the subject.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is administered to the subject in combination with at least one or more other treatments for neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders, and wherein the other treatment is administered prior to, during, or subsequent to administering the antibody or fragment thereof to the subject.

15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the subject is human.