Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers having differential transmit and receive circuitry
An apparatus comprises an ultrasonic transducer having a first and second electrode and switches which configured to selectively connect the first and second electrodes to a transmit voltage source or to a receive amplifier. The switches are configured to selectively connect a first input of the amplifier to the first electrode of the transducer and to selectively connect a second input of the amplifier to the second electrode of the transducer. The switches are also configured to selectively connect the voltage source to the first and second electrodes of the transducer. The transducer may include a piezoelectric layer attached to and sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a flexible membrane attached to the first electrode. The piezoelectric layer may be patterned to form an annular ring at the outer diameter of the flexible membrane.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer having a first and second electrode;
a unipolar charge pump; and
a first set of one or more switches configured to selectively connect the first and second electrodes to unipolar charge pump and a second set of switches configured to selectively couple the first and second electrodes to a receive amplifier; and
wherein the first set of one or more switches is configured to selectively connect a first input of the receive amplifier to the first electrode of the ultrasonic transducer and to selectively connect a second input of the receive amplifier to the second electrode of the ultrasonic transducer; and
wherein the second set of one or more switches is configured to selectively connect the unipolar charge pump to the first and second electrodes of the ultrasonic transducer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the switches are configured to produce a bipolar transmit signal from the unipolar charge pump by sequentially reversing the connections between the voltage source terminals and the first and second electrodes of the ultrasonic transducer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second set of switches is configured to produce a bipolar transmit signal from the unipolar charge pump by sequentially reversing the connections between the voltage source terminals and the first and second electrodes of the ultrasonic transducer, wherein in a first state the first electrode is connected to a positive terminal of the unipolar charge pump and the second electrode is connected to a negative terminal of the unipolar charge pump and wherein in a second state the first electrode is connected to a negative terminal of the unipolar charge pump and the second electrode is connected to a positive terminal of the unipolar charge pump.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising the receive amplifier.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the receive amplifier is a differential receive amplifier.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes a piezoelectric layer attached to and sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a flexible membrane attached to the first electrode.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the piezoelectric layer is patterned to form an annular ring at the outer diameter of the flexible membrane.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the first and second electrodes are designed such that an electrical impedance between each of the first and second electrodes and a transducer substrate are substantially identical.