Filter media including a waved filtration layer
Filter media including a waved filtration layer are described herein. The filtration layer may be held in a waved configuration by a support layer. In some cases, the filtration layer may have a combination of characteristics (e.g., mean flow pore size, basis weight, amongst others) that can lead to enhanced filtration performance (e.g., reduced air permeability decrease), in particular, in high humidity environments. The filter media may be used to form a variety of filter elements for use in various applications. In some embodiments, at least a surface of the filtration layer is hydrophilic.
1. A filter media, comprising:
a fiber filtration layer and a support layer that holds the fiber filtration layer in a waved configuration and maintains separation of peaks and troughs of adjacent waves of the fiber filtration layer,
wherein at least a surface of the fiber filtration layer is hydrophilic, having a water contact angle of less than or equal to 60 degrees.
2. A filter media, comprising:
a fiber filtration layer and a support layer that holds the fiber filtration layer in a waved configuration and maintains separation of peaks and troughs of adjacent waves of the fiber filtration layer,
wherein at least a surface of the fiber filtration layer is hydrophilic, and
wherein the filter media has a decrease in air permeability of less than or equal to 20% after humidity loading at 95%.
3. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer comprises hydrophilic fibers.
4. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a mean flow pore size of at least about 5 microns.
5. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the support layer has a density that is greater at the peaks than a density in the troughs.
6. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a minimum DEHS particle filtration efficiency of at least about 25%.
7. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration media comprises a coating.
8. A filter media as in claim 7 , wherein the coating comprises a polymeric coating selected from the group consisting of acrylate, carboxylic acid, sulfonate, polyol, amine, a silicon-containing compound, and combinations thereof.
9. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer comprises a wetting agent.
10. A filter media as in claim 9 , wherein the wetting agent is a surfactant.
11. A filter media as in claim 10 , wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and combinations thereof.
12. A filter media as in claim 7 , wherein the coating is present in the fiber filtration layer in an amount greater than or equal to about 0.0001 wt % and less than about 5 wt % versus the total weight of the layer.
13. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer comprises a melt additive.
14. A filter media as in claim 13 , wherein the melt additive is selected from the group consisting of monoglycerides, mixed glycerides, di-fatty acid esters of polyethylene oxide, ethoxylated castor oil, blends of glycerol oleate esters and alkyl phenol ethoxylates, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, and preblended masterbatch melt additives.
15. A filter media as in claim 14 , wherein the weight percent of the melt additive used to modify at least one surface of the layer is greater than or equal to about 0.0001 wt % and less than about 10 wt % versus the total weight of the layer.
16. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a decrease in air permeability of less than or equal to 20% after humidity loading at 95%.
17. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the support layer is formed from fibers having an average fiber diameter that is greater than or equal to an average fiber diameter of the fiber filtration layer.
18. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the basis weight of the fiber filtration layer is selected such that:
BW
>
-
MP
a
ln
(
1
-
E
)
b
wherein:
BW is the basis weight of the fiber filtration layer in grams per meter squared;
MP is the mean pore size of the fiber filtration layer in microns;
E is the minimum DEHS efficiency of the fiber filtration layer expressed as a fraction;
a is equal to 2; and
b is equal to 6.5.
19. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the support layer comprises fibers having an average fiber diameter of between about 10 microns to 32 microns.
20. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media comprises a second support layer having an average fiber diameter of between about 10 microns to 32 microns.
21. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media further comprises at least one cover layer disposed on the support layer.
22. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer comprises fibers having an average fiber diameter of between about 0.2 micron and about 10 microns.
23. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a mean flow pore size of at least about 11.5 microns.
24. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a basis weight of greater than or equal to about 10 g/m 2 and less than or equal to about 40 g/m 2 .
25. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a basis weight of greater than or equal to about 13 g/m 2 and less than or equal to about 20 g/m 2 .
26. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a slope of a cake loading line of between 1 mm H 2 O/gsm salt load per sample and about 7 mm H 2 O/gsm salt load per sample.
27. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a thickness in the range of about 6 mils to 22 mils.
28. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has an air permeability in the range of about 30 CFM to 150 CFM, as measured according to ASTM F778-88.
29. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a surface area of at least about 0.8 grams per square meter.
30. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has an amplitude of the peaks and troughs of between about 0.1″ to 4.0″.
31. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer has a solidity between about 1% and about 20%.
32. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the filter media has a minimum DEHS particle filtration efficiency of at least about 35%.
33. A filter media as in claim 1 , wherein the fiber filtration layer in the waved configuration is formed from a fiber layer having a planar configuration and a transition salt load of at least about 3.5 gsm.
34. A method for forming a filter media, comprising:
modifying the hydrophilicity of at least one surface of a fiber filtration layer of the filter media such that the filter media has a decrease in air permeability of less than or equal to 20% after humidity loading at 95%,
wherein the at least one surface of the fiber filtration layer is hydrophilic and wherein the filter media comprises a support layer that holds the fiber filtration layer in a waved configuration and maintains separation of peaks and troughs of adjacent waves of the fiber filtration layer.