Motion controlled actuator

1. An electro-mechanical device comprising:

a generally planar outer frame;

a generally planar fixed frame coupled to said outer frame;

a frame retainer securing said fixed frame in a deflected position with respect to said outer frame, said fixed frame being non-coplanar with said outer frame in said deflected position; and

a generally planar movable frame movably coupled to said outer frame; and wherein

said frame retainer includes an adhesive permanently bonding said fixed frame to said outer frame.

2. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising a deployment stop formed on at least one of said outer frame and said fixed frame.

3. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising a platform coupled to said movable frame, said platform defining an optical opening permitting the passage of light therethrough.

4. The electro-mechanical device of claim 3 , wherein:

said platform is coupled to said movable frame via at least one flexure;

said at least one flexure includes a first region and a second region;

said first region has high flexibility in a first direction and low flexibility in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction; and

said second region has a low flexibility in said first direction and a high flexibility in said second direction.

5. The electro-mechanical device of claim 3 , further comprising:

a snubber including a male feature and a complementary female feature; and wherein one of said male feature and said female feature is formed on said platform; and

the other of said male feature and said female feature is formed on said outer frame.

6. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising a hinge flexure coupling said movable frame and said outer frame.

7. The electro-mechanical device of claim 6 , further comprising a torsional flexure coupling said movable frame and said outer frame.

8. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising a torsional flexure coupling said movable frame and said outer frame.

9. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising a flexure coupling said fixed frame and said outer frame.

10. The electromechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising a damping material disposed between said movable frame and said fixed frame.

11. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a flexure disposed between a first region and a second region of said outer frame; and

a damping material disposed between said first region and said second region of said outer frame.

12. The electro-mechanical device of claim 1 , wherein said outer frame, said fixed frame, and said movable frame are monolithically formed from a single substrate.

13. A method for manufacturing an electro-mechanical device, said method comprising:

providing a uniform substrate;

forming a generally planar outer frame in said substrate;

forming a generally planar fixed frame in said substrate, said fixed frame being coupled to said outer frame;

forming a generally planar movable frame in said substrate, said movable frame being coupled to said outer frame;

providing a frame retainer;

moving said fixed frame to a deflected position with respect to said outer frame, said fixed frame being non-coplanar with said outer frame in said deflected position; and

securing said fixed frame in said deflected position via said frame retainer; and wherein

said frame retainer comprises an adhesive.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said step of moving said fixed frame to said deflected position includes asserting a voltage on said electro-mechanical device.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

forming a platform in said substrate, said platform defining an optical opening permitting the passage of light therethrough; and

forming a flexure in said substrate, said flexure including a first region and a second region, said first region having high flexibility in a first direction and low flexibility in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction, and said second region having low flexibility in said first direction and high flexibility in said second direction.

16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising forming a hinge flexure in said substrate between said movable frame and said outer frame, said hinge flexure permitting elastic deflection of said movable frame with respect to said outer frame.

17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising forming a torsional flexure in said substrate between said movable frame and said outer frame, said torsional flexure permitting elastic deflection of said movable frame with respect to said outer frame.

18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising forming a flexure in said substrate between said fixed frame and said outer frame, said flexure permitting elastic deflection of said fixed frame with respect to said outer frame.

19. An electro-mechanical device comprising:

a generally planar outer frame;

a generally planar fixed frame coupled to said outer frame;

a frame retainer securing said fixed frame in a deflected position with respect to said outer frame, said fixed frame being non-coplanar with said outer frame in said deflected position;

a generally planar movable frame movably coupled to said outer frame; and

a platform coupled to said movable frame, said platform defining an optical opening permitting the passage of light therethrough; and wherein

said platform is coupled to said movable platform via at least one flexure;

said at least one flexure includes a first region and a second region;

said first region has high flexibility in a first direction and low flexibility in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction; and

said second region has a low flexibility in said first direction and a high flexibility in said second direction.

20. The electro-mechanical device of claim 19 , further comprising a deployment stop formed on at least one of said outer frame and said fixed frame.