Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies and the risk for arthritis
Antibodies against citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA) have shown their relevance for the diagnosis and possibly pathogenesis in arthritis. Described are means and methods for determining antibodies against homocitrulline-containing proteins or carbamylated proteins/peptides (anti-CarP) for the classification of individuals suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, arthritis.
1. A method for classifying an individual that is suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, arthritis, the method comprising
detecting an anti-Carbamylated Protein (anti-CarP) antibody in a sample comprising a body fluid obtained from blood or a joint of the individual by contacting said sample with a carbamylated fetal calf serum (Ca-FCS), or carbamylated fibrinogen (Ca-Fib) or a peptide selected from the group consisting of the odd numbered SEQ ID NOs: 5-215,
wherein the sample is negative for anti-citrullinated Protein Antibody (ACPA);
wherein the detection of the anti-CarP antibody classifies the individual to be at high risk to be currently suffering from, or at risk of developing, an unidentified form of arthritis.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the body fluid is a serum sample or a synovial fluid sample.
3. A method for classifying an individual that is suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, rheumatoid arthritis, the method comprising
detecting an anti-Carbamylated Protein (anti-CarP) antibody in a sample comprising a body fluid obtained from blood or a joint of the individual by contacting said sample with a carbamylated fetal calf serum (Ca-FCS) or a carbamylated fibrinogen (Ca-Fib) or a peptide selected from the group consisting of the odd numbered SEQ ID NOs: 5-215,
wherein the sample is negative for ACPA; and
wherein the detection of the anti-CarP antibody classifies the individual to be at high risk to be currently suffering from, or at risk of developing, rheumatoid arthritis.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-CarP antibody is of Ig-subtype IgA or of the Ig-subtype IgG.
5. The method according to claim 1 , for determining whether the individual is at risk of suffering from arthritis, and wherein the individual was not suffering from arthritis at the time the fluid sample was obtained.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the unidentified form of arthritis is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, gout, pseudogout, autoimmune arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, fibromyalgia, Lyme disease, undifferentiated arthritis, non-rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthropathy.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the unidentified form of arthritis is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-CarP is specific for a carbamylated protein or peptides derived from fetal calf serum (FCS).
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising performing an additional arthritis classifier test for the individual.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the additional test comprises detecting ACPA, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, or any combination thereof; or measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection of anti-CarP antibodies is performed with a kit comprising the carbamylated fetal calf serum (Ca-FCS).
12. A method for analyzing a sample comprising a body fluid of an individual, the method comprising:
(i) obtaining a sample from the individual,
(ii) determining that the sample is negative for anti-citrullinated Protein Antibody (ACPA), and
(iii) detecting an anti-Carbamylated Protein (anti-CarP) antibody in the sample.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the body fluid is a serum sample or a synovial fluid sample.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the method comprises: contacting the sample with a carbamylated fibrinogen (Ca-Fib).
15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the method comprises: contacting the sample with carbamylated fetal calf serum (Ca-FCS).
16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the anti-CarP antibody is of Ig-subtype IgA or of the Ig-subtype IgG.
17. The method according to claim 3 , for determining whether the individual is at risk of suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, and wherein the individual had undifferentiated arthritis at the time the body fluid was obtained.
18. The method according to claim 1 , for determining whether the individual is suffering from arthritis, and further comprising comparing the level of anti-CarP antibodies in the sample from the individual to that from a healthy control.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-CarP antibody is detected by ELISA, Western Blot, or both.
20. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the method comprises:
contacting the sample with Ca-Fib peptide selected from the group consisting of the odd numbered SEQ ID NOs: 5-215.
21. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the additional arthritis classifier test classifies the unidentified form of arthritis into rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, gout, pseudogout, autoimmune arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, fibromyalgia, Lyme disease, undifferentiated arthritis, non-rheumatoid arthritis, or spondyloarthropathy.