Systems and methods for voltage regulation using split-conductors with loop current reduction
A split-conductor electrical-injection power substation uses an array of series and parallel electrical-injection devices to control power flow in the power grid. The split-conductors allow the use of smaller electrical-injection devices in higher current distribution systems. The electrical injection devices introduce small voltage differences between the split-conductor wires because of electrical injection and sensor variations. The small voltage variations cause large loop currents on the low-impedance wires. Sensors detect current differences in the split-conductor wires and use feedback to adjust injected voltages, thereby reducing the loop currents.
1. A method of controlling power in a high voltage power distribution system comprising:
for each conductor of the high voltage power distribution system:
splitting the conductor into multiple split-conductors in a substation;
coupling multiple electrical injection devices to each of the multiple split-conductors;
sensing the current in each split-conductor; and
controlling the multiple electrical injection devices to tend to equalize the currents in the split-conductors.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising controlling the multiple electrical injection devices to control power flow in the conductors of the high voltage power distribution system.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the multiple electrical injection devices are controlled wirelessly to control power flow in the conductors of the high voltage power distribution system and to equalize the currents in the split-conductors from a split-conductor controller that controls the electrical injection devices collectively responsive to a command for equalizing the currents in the conductors of the high voltage power distribution system, with feedback reapportioning the collective control of the electrical injection devices between electrical injection devices on different split-conductors of each conductor of the high voltage power distribution system to tend to equalize the currents in the respective split-conductors.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the commands for controlling the multiple electrical injection devices to control power flow in the conductors of the high voltage power distribution system are received wirelessly from one or more a) substations, b) localized intelligence centers or c) the utility supervisory.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the current in each split-conductor is sensed in all or less than all multiple electrical injection devices coupled to the respective multiple split-conductors and the currents sensed are combined for the measure of the current in the respective split-conductor.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the currents sensed in each split-conductor are averaged over one or multiple cycles of the alternating current.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the currents sensed in each split-conductor are RMS currents sensed over one or more cycles time-synchronized with all sensed currents in the split-conductors of the respective conductor of the high voltage power distribution system.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein when a difference between a current sensed and other sensed currents for a split-conductor exceeds a predetermined difference, the respective electrical injection device is disabled and another electrical injection device coupled to the same split conductor is enabled to provide for the electrical injection intended for the disabled electrical injection device.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein when a difference between one current sensed and other sensed currents for a split-conductor exceeds a predetermined difference, that one current sensed is disregarded and the other currents sensed are combined for the measure of the current in the respective split-conductor.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of split-conductors or each conductor is two.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of split-conductors or each conductor is three.