Electrochromic nickel oxide simultaneously doped with lithium and a metal dopant
View Patent ↗An electrochromic device comprising a counter electrode layer comprised of lithium metal oxide which provides a high transmission in the fully intercalated state and which is capable of long-term stability, is disclosed. Methods of making an electrochromic device comprising such a counter electrode are also disclosed.
1. An electrochromic device comprising:
a first electrode comprising one of an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer;
a second electrode comprising other of the electrochromic layer or the counter electrode layer, wherein the counter electrode layer has a bleached state optical absorption of less than 0.5 μm −1 at an optical wavelength of 450 nm;
wherein the counter electrode layer comprises at least one mixed oxide having a formula
Li x Ni(II) 1-y Ni(III) y M(A) z O a , where:
M is a metal other than Li and Ni;
A is the most favorable oxidation state of the metal and is IV;
1≤x≤10;
0≤y≤1;
0<z≤1; and
0<a≤10.
2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein M(A) includes Ti(IV), Zr(IV), or Hf(IV).
3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:
1≤x≤4; and
0.15≤z≤1.
4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein:
1.5≤x≤3.
5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein a is within 30% of (1+0.5x+0.5y+2z).
6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the counter electrode layer has a b* value below 8 in CIE-defined L*a*b* color coordinates.
7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein an electrochromic efficiency of the electrochromic device is in a range of 10 cm 2 /C to 80 cm 2 /C.
8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the counter electrode layer includes Li 2 O 2 .
9. An electrochromic device comprising:
a first electrode comprising one of an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer;
a second electrode comprising other of the electrochromic layer or the counter electrode layer, wherein an electrochromic efficiency of the electrochromic device is in a range of 10 cm 2 /C to 80 cm 2 /C;
wherein the counter electrode layer comprises at least one mixed oxide having a formula
Li x Ni(II) 1-y Ni(III) y M(A) z O a , where:
M is a metal other than Li and Ni;
A is the most favorable oxidation state of the metal and is V;
1≤x≤10;
0≤y≤1;
0<z≤1; and
0<a≤10.
10. The electrochromic device of claim 9 , wherein M(A) includes V(V), Nb(V), Sb(V), or Ta(V).
11. The electrochromic device of claim 9 , wherein:
1<x≤4; and
0.15≤z≤1.
12. The electrochromic device of claim 11 , wherein:
1.5≤x≤3.
13. The electrochromic device of claim 9 , wherein a is within 30% of (1+0.5x+0.5y+2.5z).
14. The electrochromic device of claim 9 , wherein the counter electrode layer has a b* value below 8 in CIE-defined L*a*b* color coordinates.
15. The electrochromic device of claim 9 , wherein the counter electrode layer has a bleached state optical absorption of less than 0.5 μm −1 at an optical wavelength of 450 nm.
16. An electrochromic device comprising:
a first electrode comprising one of an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer;
a second electrode comprising other of the electrochromic layer or the counter electrode layer;
wherein the counter electrode layer comprises at least one mixed oxide having a formula
Li x Ni(II) 1-y Ni(III) y M z O a , where:
M is a metal other than Li and Ni;
1≤x≤10;
0≤z≤1; and
0<z≤1; and
0<a≤10; and
wherein in a bleached state, the counter electrode layer has:
(1) a b* value below 8 in CIE-defined L*a*b* color coordinates;
(2) an optical absorption of less than 0.5 μm −1 at an optical wavelength of 450 nm; or
both (1) and (2).
17. The electrochromic device of claim 16 , wherein in the bleached state, the counter electrode layer has a b* value below 8 in CIE-defined L*a*b* color coordinates.
18. The electrochromic device of claim 16 , wherein in the bleached state, the counter electrode layer has an optical absorption of less than 0.5 μm −1 at an optical wavelength of 450 nm.