A ball includes a bladder and multi-layer cover. The multi-layer cover includes an outer layer and an intermediate layer between the outer layer and the bladder. The intermediate layer is formed of a plurality of perforated panels. In at least one embodiment, the plurality of perforated panels are foam panels defining an array of apertures. In at least some embodiments, the array of apertures in the intermediate layer are detectable by one or more human senses via the outer layer.
1. A ball comprising:
a bladder; and
a multi-layer cover including an outer layer and an intermediate layer between the outer layer and the bladder, the intermediate layer formed of a plurality of perforated panels, wherein each of the perforated panels forms an auxetic structure, each auxetic structure defining a repeating pattern of reentrant shapes, each of the reentrant shapes defined by perimeter walls with an interior recess provided within each reentrant shape, each interior recess defining a perforation on one of the plurality of perforated panels.
2. The ball of claim 1 wherein the plurality of perforated panels is a plurality of foam panels.
3. The ball of claim 1 wherein the plurality of perforated panels include a first t-shaped panel at a first pole of the ball and a second t-shaped panel at a second pole of the ball.
4. The ball of claim 3 wherein the plurality of perforated panels include a plurality of equator panels spanning an equator of the ball, each of the equator panels extending from the first t-shaped panel to the second t-shaped panel.
5. The ball of claim 1 wherein the plurality of perforated panels includes a first Y-shaped panel and a second Y-shaped panel, the first Y-shaped panel in interlocking engagement with the second Y-shaped panel.
6. The ball of claim 1 wherein each of the perforated panels extends from one pole region to an opposite pole region of the ball, wherein the reentrant shapes gradually increase in size moving from one pole region to the opposite pole region.
7. The ball of claim 1 wherein the reentrant shapes are provided in columns of reentrant shapes on each of the perforated panels, wherein the reentrant shapes in each column are substantially a same size, and where the reentrant shapes in different columns are different sizes.
8. The ball of claim 1 further comprising a foam substrate layer between the bladder and the intermediate layer.
9. The ball of claim 1 wherein the interior recesses form voids in the intermediate layer, wherein the outer layer is transparent such that the voids in the intermediate layer are visually exposed through the outer layer.
10. The ball of claim 1 wherein the outer layer includes turbulator structures on the outer surface.
11. The ball of claim 10 wherein the turbulator structures include a plurality of dimples, each of the dimples associated one of the perforations.
12. The ball of claim 10 wherein the turbulator structures include a plurality of plus sign shaped grooves.
13. A sports ball comprising:
a bladder;
a contouring layer surrounding the bladder, the contouring layer including at least one perforated panel defining an array of apertures, wherein the at least one perforated panel is an auxetic structure, wherein each aperture of the array of apertures forms a reentrant shape defined by perimeter walls with an interior recess provided within the perimeter walls; and
an outer layer surrounding the contouring layer, the array of apertures of the at least one perforated panel detectable by at least one human sense via the outer layer.
14. The sports ball of claim 13 wherein the outer layer includes a plurality of dimples, each of the plurality of dimples associated with one of the apertures of the array of apertures.
15. The sports ball of claim 13 wherein the outer layer is comprised of a transparent material such that the array of apertures is visible through the outer layer.
16. A sports ball comprising:
a bladder;
a plurality of interlocking panels surrounding the bladder, at least one of the plurality of interlocking panels comprising:
a backing layer;
a perforated layer covering the backing layer, the perforated layer defining an array of apertures, wherein the perforated layer is an auxetic structure, wherein each aperture of the array of apertures forms a reentrant shape defined by perimeter walls with an interior recess provided within the perimeter walls; and
an outer layer covering the perforated layer.
17. The sports ball of claim 16 wherein the backing layer is a foam backing layer and the perforated layer is a perforated foam layer.
18. The sports ball of claim 16 further including a plurality of seams on the outer layer, the plurality of seams associated with the plurality of interlocking panels.
19. The sports ball of claim 16 wherein the outer layer is comprised of a transparent material such that the array of apertures is visible through the outer layer.
20. The sports ball of claim 16 wherein the plurality of interlocking panels include a first t-shaped panel with a center at a first pole of the ball, a second t-shaped panel with a center at a second pole of the ball, and a plurality of equator panels spanning an equator of the ball, each of the equator panels extending from the first t-shaped panel to the second t-shaped panel.
21. The sports ball of claim 16 wherein the outer layer includes turbulator structures on the outer surface, the turbulator structures including a plurality of dimples, each of the dimples associated with one of the apertures of the array of apertures.
22. The sports ball of claim 13 wherein the at least one perforated panels include a first t-shaped panel with a center at a first pole of the ball, a second t-shaped panel with a center at a second pole of the ball, and a plurality of equator panels spanning an equator of the ball, each of the equator panels extending from the first t-shaped panel to the second t-shaped panel.
23. The sports ball of claim 13 wherein the outer layer includes turbulator structures on the outer surface, the turbulator structures including a plurality of dimples, each of the dimples associated with one of the apertures of the array of apertures.