Electro-optic beam deflector device having adjustable in-plane beam control
A substantially planar waveguide for dynamically controlling the out-of-plane angle at which a light beam exits the waveguide. Generally, liquid crystal materials may be disposed within a waveguide in a cladding proximate or adjacent to a core layer of the waveguide. In one example, the waveguide may contain one or more taper regions such that the light beam exits the waveguide and propagates out-of-the-plane of the waveguide into an out-coupling medium at a propagation angle. In one example, the waveguide may contain one or more electrodes onto which one or more voltages may be applied. The magnitude of the propagation angle may be electronically controlled by altered by controlling or altering the magnitude of the one or more applied voltages.
1. A planar waveguide for adjusting an angle of a light beam in an in-plane direction, the waveguide comprising:
a waveguide core shaped to guide a light beam along a length of the waveguide;
a cladding including an electro-optic material capable of an interaction with a portion of the light beam;
electrodes shaped and arranged to adjust an angle of the light beam in an in-plane direction by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material, wherein the arrangement of electrodes includes:
a first row of electrically connected electrodes, wherein individual electrodes in the first row are capable of respectively adjusting an angle of a portion of the light beam by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material.
2. The planar waveguide of claim 1 wherein an individual electrode in the first row includes a first facet normal to a longitudinal direction of the waveguide and a second facet non-normal to the longitudinal direction of the waveguide.
3. The planar waveguide of claim 2 wherein the arrangement of electrodes further includes a second row of electrically connected electrodes in series with and corresponding to respective electrodes in the first row, wherein individual electrodes in the second row are capable of respectively further adjusting an angle of a corresponding portion of the light beam by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material.
4. The planar waveguide of claim 3 wherein individual ones of the electrodes in the second row include a first facet slanted at an angle with respect to the first facet of the corresponding electrode in the first row and a second facet slanted at an angle with respect to the second facet of the corresponding electrode in the first row.
5. The planar waveguide of claim 4 wherein respective electrodes in the second row are laterally displaced from corresponding electrodes in the first row.
6. The planar waveguide of claim 4 wherein a size of an individual electrode in the first row increases along a direction normal to a longitudinal direction of the waveguide.
7. The planar waveguide of claim 4 wherein electrodes in the first row and in the second row include a wedge-shaped or triangularly shaped facet.
8. The planar waveguide of claim 4 wherein pairs of corresponding electrodes from the first row and second row are located along an arcuate path.
9. The planar waveguide of claim 1 further comprising a row of phase electrodes in series with and corresponding to electrodes in the first row, wherein individual ones of the phase electrodes are capable of respectively adjusting a phase shift associated with a corresponding electrode from the first row to reduce a difference between a phase shift associated with the corresponding electrode in the first row and an electrode adjacent to the corresponding electrode in the first row.
10. The planar waveguide of claim 1 wherein the electro-optic material includes a liquid crystal material.
11. A method for adjusting an angle of a light beam in an in-plane direction, the method comprising:
guiding the light beam in a longitudinal direction;
providing a first row of electrically connected electrodes, respectively having a first facet normal to the longitudinal direction and a second facet non-normal to the longitudinal direction; and
applying a first voltage to electrodes in the first row to adjust an angle of the light beam in an in-plane direction by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
providing a second row of electrically connected electrodes in series with and corresponding to respective electrodes in the first row, wherein individual ones of the electrodes in the second row include a first facet slanted at an angle with respect to the first facet of the corresponding electrode in the first row and a second facet slanted at an angle with respect to the second facet of the corresponding electrode in the first row.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising directing a corresponding portion of the light beam from an individual one of the first row of electrodes onto a corresponding one of the electrodes in the second row when a value of the first voltage corresponds to a predetermined value.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising applying a second voltage to electrodes in the second row to further adjust an angle of a corresponding portion of the light beam by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material.
15. The method of claim 12 comprising providing a second row of electrically connected electrodes in series with and corresponding to respective electrodes in the first row, wherein individual ones of the electrodes in the second row are laterally displaced from a corresponding electrode in the first row.
16. The method of claim 12 comprising providing a first row of electrically connected electrodes, wherein a size of an individual electrode in the first row increases along a lateral direction.
17. The method of claim 12 comprising providing a first row of electrically connected electrodes and a second row of electrically connected electrodes wherein the electrodes in the first row and the electrodes in the second row include a wedge-shaped or triangularly-shaped facet.
18. The method of claim 11 further comprising providing a row of phase electrodes in series with and corresponding to electrodes in the first row.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising applying a voltage to an individual one of the phase electrodes to reduce a difference between a phase shift associated with the corresponding electrode in the first row and an electrode adjacent to the corresponding electrode in the first row.
20. A planar waveguide for adjusting an angle of a light beam in an in-plane direction, the waveguide comprising:
a waveguide core shaped to guide a light beam along a length of the waveguide;
a cladding including an electro-optic material capable of an interaction with a portion of the light beam;
electrodes shaped and arranged to adjust an angle of the light beam in an in-plane direction by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material, wherein the arrangement of electrodes includes:
successive rows of shaped electrodes capable of collectively adjusting an angle of the light beam in an in-plane direction, where an individual one of the successive rows is electrically connected to a steering voltage and capable of adjusting an angle of the light beam by adjusting an index of refraction of the electro-optic material in response to the steering voltage, the individual one of the successive rows being at a slanted angle with respect to another one of the successive rows of shaped electrodes and at least one facet of the shaped electrodes of the individual one of the successive rows being oblique to at least one facet of the shaped electrodes in the other one of the successive rows of shaped electrodes.