Coating system for tubular gripping components

1. A gripping tool comprising:

a gripping element;

at least one gripping surface formed on the gripping element wherein the at least one gripping surface comprises:

a plurality of teeth extending from the gripping element;

an outermost layer extending a depth from an outer surface of the gripping element, wherein the outermost layer is created by the diffusion or deposition of elements selected from the group consisting of chromium, carbon, nitrogen, boron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof;

an intermediate layer extending a depth from the inner surface of the outermost layer of the gripping element, wherein the intermediate layer is created by the diffusion of elements selected from the group consisting of boron, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof;

an innermost layer extending a depth from the inner surface of the intermediate layer of the gripping element to a substrate material of the gripping surface, wherein the innermost layer is created by the diffusion of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon, chromium, nitrogen, boron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof.

2. The gripping tool of claim 1 , wherein the hardness of the innermost layer is greater than the hardness of the substrate material, the hardness of the intermediate layer is greater than the hardness of the innermost layer, and the hardness of the outermost layer is greater than the hardness of the intermediate layer.

3. A gripping tool comprising:

a gripping element;

at least one gripping surface formed on the gripping element wherein the at least one gripping surfaces comprises:

a plurality of teeth extending from the gripping element;

an outermost layer extending a depth from an outer surface of the gripping element, wherein the outermost layer is created by a chromizing process;

an intermediate layer extending a depth from the inner surface of the outer layer of the gripping element, wherein the intermediate layer is created by a boriding process;

an innermost layer extending a depth from the inner surface of the intermediate layer of the gripping element to a substrate material of the gripping surface, wherein the innermost layer is created by the diffusion of carbon.

4. The gripping tool of claim 3 , wherein the substrate material of the gripping surface is a low carbon content material selected from the group consisting of plain carbon steel, mild steel, resulfurized steel, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, low alloy steel, chromium alloy steel, chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloy steel, nickel chromium alloys, and nickel molybdenum alloys.

5. The gripping tool of claim 3 , wherein the substrate material of the gripping surface is carburizing steel.

6. The gripping tool of claim 3 , wherein the innermost layer has a diffusion-type carbon gradient.

7. The gripping tool of claim 3 , wherein the innermost layer has a hardness from 50 HRC to 65 HRC.

8. The gripping tool of claim 3 , wherein the intermediate layer includes iron borides.

9. The gripping tool of claim 3 , wherein the intermediate layer has a hardness from 900 HV to 2200 HV.

10. A method of manufacturing a gripping tool, comprising:

forming an innermost layer on a gripping surface of a gripping element by the diffusion of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon, chromium, nitrogen, boron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof;

forming an intermediate layer on the innermost layer by the diffusion of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon, chromium, nitrogen, boron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof;

forming an outermost layer on the intermediate layer by the diffusion or deposition of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon, chromium, nitrogen, boron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein one or more of forming the innermost layer, forming the intermediate layer, or forming the outermost layer comprises contacting the gripping surface with a diffusion material, wherein the diffusion material is selected from the group consisting of carbon, chromium, nitrogen, boron, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium, or vanadium, alone or in combinations thereof, and heating the gripping surface at a temperature and a time to diffuse the diffusion material a depth into the gripping surface to form a diffusion layer.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein one or more of forming the innermost layer, forming the intermediate layer, or forming the outermost layer further comprises quenching the gripping surface.

13. A method of manufacturing a gripping tool, comprising:

forming an innermost layer on a gripping surface of a gripping element by the diffusion of carbon;

forming an intermediate borided layer on the innermost layer;

forming an outermost chromized layer on the intermediate layer.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein forming the innermost layer comprises heating the gripping surface in a carbon rich environment to a carburizing temperature, to allow the carbon to diffuse into a base material, for a time period that is proportional to a thickness of the innermost layer.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbon rich environment has a vacuum applied thereto.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein forming the intermediate layer comprises heating the gripping surface in the presence of a boron source such that boron diffuses into the gripping surface.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the boron source is selected from the group consisting of a powder pack, a paste, a salt, and a gas, alone or in combinations thereof.

18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the gripping surface is heated to a temperature between 1300 degrees Fahrenheit and 1830 degrees Fahrenheit.

19. The method of claim 13 , wherein forming the intermediate layer comprises boronizing the innermost layer and quenching the gripping surface.