Hot-side method and system
View Patent ↗The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.
1. A method, comprising:
generating from a mercury-containing feed material a mercury-containing gas stream;
passing the mercury-containing gas stream, comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen, through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; and
removing the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material, wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine and wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and is capable of removing one or more of HCl, HBr, and HF from the gas stream.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation, precipitation, adsorption, and/or absorption.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen can oxidize elemental mercury in the gas stream and further comprising:
recycling the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material to the generating step, whereby the vapor-phase halogen is derived from the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising regenerating the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material prior to recycle.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the vapor-phase halogen in the treated gas stream is no more than about 25 ppm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream, wherein at least most of the halogen on the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is removed as the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material, wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin, solvent extraction, adsorption, absorption, precipitation, and membrane filtration, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is formed by combusting the coal, wherein the vapor-phase halogen is generated from one or more of a native halogen-content of the coal and a halogen-containing additive combusted with the coal.
9. A method, comprising:
generating from a mercury-containing feed material a mercury-containing gas stream;
passing the mercury-containing gas stream, comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen, through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; and
removing the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material, wherein the vapor-phase halogen is iodide.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least most of the halogen on the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is removed as the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber and wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin, solvent extraction, adsorption, absorption, precipitation, and membrane filtration.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is formed by combusting the coal, and wherein the vapor-phase halogen is formed from a halogen-containing additive combusted with the coal.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber, wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream, wherein the scrubber is capable of removing one or more of HCl, HBr, and HF from the gas stream, wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal, wherein a concentration of the vapor-phase halogen in the treated gas stream is no more than about 25 ppm, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation, precipitation, adsorption, and/or absorption, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is formed by combusting the coal, wherein the vapor-phase halogen is generated from one or more of a native halogen-content of the coal and a halogen-containing additive combusted with the coal, and wherein the halogen can oxidize elemental mercury in the gas stream and further comprising:
recycling the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material to the generating step, whereby the vapor-phase halogen is derived from the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material; and
regenerating the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material prior to recycle.
15. A method, comprising:
generating from a mercury-containing feed material a mercury-containing gas stream;
passing the mercury-containing gas stream, comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen, through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; and
removing the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated by combusting the coal, and wherein the vapor-phase halogen is generated from a native halogen-content of the coal.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber, wherein the scrubber is capable of removing one or more of HCl, HBr, and HF from the gas stream, wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation, precipitation, adsorption, and/or absorption, wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal, wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin, solvent extraction, adsorption, absorption, precipitation, and membrane filtration, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is formed by combusting the coal, wherein the vapor-phase halogen is generated from one or more of a native halogen-content of the coal and a halogen-containing additive combusted with the coal and wherein the halogen can oxidize elemental mercury in the gas stream and further comprising:
recycling the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material to the generating step, whereby the vapor-phase halogen is derived from the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material; and
regenerating the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material prior to recycle.
19. A method: comprising:
generating a mercury-containing gas steam from a mercury-containing feed material;
passing the mercury-containing gas stream, comprising vapor-phase elemental mercury and a vapor-phase halogen, through a scrubber to remove at least a portion of the vapor-phase halogen and/or a halogen-containing derivative thereof and form a halogen-containing scrubbing medium and a treated gas stream; and
removing the halogen from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium to form a treated scrubbing medium for recycle to the scrubber and a removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material, wherein the mercury-containing gas steam is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is formed by combusting the coal, and wherein the vapor-phase halogen is introduced into the gas stream downstream of a coal combustion zone.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the vapor-phase halogen is bromide.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the halogen in the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material is one or more of bromine and iodine.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the scrubber is a wet or dry scrubber, wherein the scrubber removes at least most of the vapor-phase halogen from the gas stream and wherein the scrubber removes at least most of an acid gas from the gas stream, wherein the scrubber is capable of removing one or more of HCl, HBr, and HF from the gas stream, wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of membrane separation, precipitation, adsorption, and/or absorption, wherein the halogen-containing scrubbing medium is contacted with an oxidant to assist halogen removal, wherein the halogen is removed from the halogen-containing scrubbing medium by one or more of an ion exchange resin, solvent extraction, adsorption, absorption, precipitation, and membrane filtration, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is generated from a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the mercury-containing feed material is coal, wherein the mercury-containing gas stream is formed by combusting the coal, wherein the vapor-phase halogen is generated from one or more of a native halogen-content of the coal and a halogen-containing additive combusted with the coal, and wherein the halogen can oxidize elemental mercury in the gas stream and further comprising:
recycling the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material to the generating step, whereby the vapor-phase halogen is derived from the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material; and
regenerating the removed halogen and/or halogen-containing material prior to recycle.