Mach-Zehnder modulator driver
View Patent ↗A driver configuration for driving a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) includes a first driver supplied by a first voltage and a second voltage and configured to provide a first two complimentary outputs respectively to a first N-electrode of a first branch of the MZM and a second N-electrode of a second branch of the MZM. Additionally, the driver configuration includes a second driver supplied by a third voltage and a fourth voltage and configured to provide a second two complimentary outputs respectively to a first P-electrode of the first branch and a second P-electrode of the second branch. The driver configuration sets a difference between the third voltage and the fourth voltage equal to a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage to provide a same peak-to-peak differential swing for modulating light wave through each transmission line and output a modulated light with twice of the peak-to-peak differential swing.
1. An apparatus for driving a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), the apparatus comprising:
a first driver supplied by a first voltage and a second voltage and configured to provide a first two complimentary outputs respectively to a first N-electrode of a first branch of the MZM and a second N-electrode of a second branch of the MZM thereby yielding a first peak-to-peak differential voltage;
a second driver supplied by a third voltage and a fourth voltage and configured to provide a second two complimentary outputs respectively to a first P-electrode of the first branch and a second P-electrode of the second branch thereby yielding a second peak-to-peak differential voltage, a difference between the third voltage and the fourth voltage being equal to a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage, and an offset being given to the third voltage relative to the first voltage;
wherein the first peak-to-peak differential voltage is configured to be equal to the second peak-to-peak differential voltage, both the first N-electrode and the second N-electrode are terminated at the first voltage and both the first P-electrode and the second P-electrode are terminated at the third voltage.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first two complimentary outputs yields a waveform with a peak-to-peak swing equal to half of the peak-to-peak differential voltage around a first common mode voltage set between the first voltage and the second voltage, the second two complimentary outputs yields a waveform with a peak-to-peak swing equal to half of the peak-to-peak differential voltage around a second common mode voltage set between the third voltage and the fourth voltage, a difference between the first common mode voltage and the second common mode voltage being equal to the offset between the first voltage and the third voltage.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first branch and the second branch of the MZM are respectively configured to be two optical transmission lines for passing two light waves split from a continuous-wave laser input, the two optical transmission lines being coupled to recombine the two light waves in constructive or destructive manner to generate an output light modulated based on a total peak-to-peak swing equal to at least twice of the peak-to-peak differential voltage.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the output light is configured to be modulated in either NRZ format or PAM format.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the first branch of the MZM is configured to be a single PN-junction segment between the first P-electrode and the first N-electrode subjected to the peak-to-peak differential voltage swing and the second branch of the MZM is configured to be a single PN-junction segment between the second P-electrode and the second N-electrode subjected to the peak-to-peak differential voltage swing, under a non-forward bias condition that the first voltage and the third voltage are supplied as positive voltages, the first voltage is greater than the third voltage, the second voltage is 0V, and the fourth voltage is supplied as a negative voltage.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the single PN-junction segment comprises a linear waveguide with a P-type region in parallel sided to an N-type region along a lengthwise direction on a SOI substrate.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the first/second P-electrode is terminated with the first voltage through a first termination resistor and the first/second N-electrode is terminated with the third voltage through a second termination resistor, the second termination resistor and the first termination resistor having a same resistance value.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first common mode voltage minus a quarter of the peak-to-peak differential voltage is set to be greater than the second common node voltage plus a quarter of the peak-to-peak differential voltage.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a variable gain amplifier (VGA) coupled between a differential data input and both of the first driver and the second driver, the VGA being supplied by the first voltage and the second voltage and configured to amplify a differential data input by a factor of a VGA-depended gain control voltage and output a pair of AC signals split as a first differential input to the first driver operated under the first voltage and the second voltage and a second differential input respectively to the second driver operated under the third voltage and the fourth voltage.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the first differential input and the second differential input comprise a same peak-to-peak differential value but different DC voltage levels, the first differential input has a first DC voltage level set between the first voltage and the second voltage, the second differential input has a second DC voltage level set between the third voltage and the fourth voltage.