Fluid exchange catheter system

1. A fluid exchange catheter system, comprising:

a catheter comprising:

a first lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end;

a second lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end;

an exchange surface at the distal end of the first lumen comprising a plurality of pores enabling fluid exchange between the catheter and an environment surrounding the catheter;

an aspiration mechanism operably connected to the proximal end of the first lumen; and

an infusion mechanism operably connected to the proximal end of the second lumen,

wherein the infusion mechanism and the aspiration mechanism are programmed to create a pattern of negative pressure in the first lumen and a synchronized pattern of positive pressure in the second lumen; and

wherein the infusion mechanism is further programmed to periodically disperse, through the distal end of the second lumen, a jet of fluid to remove organic substances that are blocking one or more of the pores of the exchange surface.

2. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the exchange surface is selected from the group consisting of a filter, a membrane, a grid, and a mesh cage.

3. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the infusion mechanism and the aspiration mechanism is a peristaltic pump.

4. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein each of the infusion mechanism and the aspiration mechanism is a peristaltic pump.

5. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the infusion mechanism and the aspiration mechanism is a fluid container.

6. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , further comprising a fluid source in communication with the infusion mechanism.

7. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the first lumen is an outer lumen creating an interior lumen space and the second lumen is an inner lumen, wherein the distal end of the inner lumen is disposed within the interior lumen space of the outer lumen.

8. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the first lumen forms a catheter tip, and wherein the pattern of positive pressure in the second lumen and the synchronized pattern of negative pressure in the first lumen create fluid currents at the catheter tip for keeping the catheter tip unobstructed.

9. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the second lumen comprises at least one opening and the opening in the distal end of the second lumen is disposed at a proximal position relative to at least one opening in the distal end of the first lumen.

10. A method of infusing and aspirating fluid from the body using a catheter, comprising:

a) providing a catheter system, comprising:

i) a first lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end;

ii) a second lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end;

iii) an exchange surface at the distal end of the first lumen comprising a plurality of pores enabling fluid exchange between the catheter and an environment surrounding the catheter;

iv) an aspiration mechanism operably connected to the proximal end of the first lumen; and

v) an infusion mechanism operably connected to the proximal end of the second lumen,

b) activating the infusion mechanism to infuse fluid from an infusion fluid source through the second lumen and into the body for an infusion time period and at an infusion pressure and infusion flow rate while the aspiration mechanism is disabled, wherein infusion of the fluid includes periodically dispersing a fluid jet through the second lumen to remove substances that are blocking one or more of the pores of the exchange surface;

c) disabling the infusion mechanism to stop infusion;

d) activating the aspiration mechanism to aspirate fluid from the body through the first lumen for an aspiration time period and at an aspiration pressure and aspiration flow rate while the infusion mechanism is disabled;

e) disabling the aspiration mechanism to stop aspiration;

f) repeating steps b) through e).

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the exchange surface is selected from the group consisting of a filter, a membrane, a grid, and a mesh cage.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the infusion mechanism and the aspiration mechanism is a peristaltic pump.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the infusion mechanism and the aspiration mechanism is a fluid container.

14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising monitoring at least one of the infusion pressure and the aspiration pressure.

15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first lumen is an outer lumen creating an interior lumen space and the second lumen is an inner lumen, wherein the distal end of the inner lumen is disposed within the interior lumen space of the outer lumen.

16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the distal end of the second lumen comprises at least one opening and the opening in the distal end of the second lumen is disposed at a proximal position relative to at least one opening in the distal end of the first lumen.

17. A fluid exchange catheter system, comprising:

a catheter comprising:

an outer lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end and forming an interior lumen space at the distal end of the outer lumen;

an inner lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end, wherein the distal end of the inner lumen is disposed within the interior lumen space;

an exchange surface disposed at the distal end of the outer lumen comprising a plurality of pores enabling fluid exchange between the catheter and an environment surrounding the catheter; and

one or more mechanisms for creating programmable changes of pressure in the outer lumen and the inner lumen, wherein the programmable changes of pressure create periodically changing liquid pressure gradients to remove organic substances that are blocking one or more of the pores of the exchange surface.

18. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 17 , wherein the one or more mechanisms comprise an infusion mechanism for creating a positive pressure in at least one of the inner lumen and the outer lumen and an aspiration mechanism for creating a negative pressure in at least one of the inner lumen and the outer lumen.

19. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 18 , wherein the infusion mechanism is operably connected to the proximal end of the inner lumen and the aspiration mechanism is operably connected to the proximal end of the outer lumen.

20. The fluid exchange catheter system of claim 18 , wherein the infusion mechanism is operably connected to the proximal end of the outer lumen and the aspiration mechanism is operably connected to the proximal end of the inner lumen.