Lithium secondary battery including electrolyte containing monofluorosilane compound
A lithium secondary battery including a cathode; an anode; and an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material represented by Formula 1, the electrolyte includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; and a monofluorosilane compound represented by Formula 2, wherein an amount of the monofluorosilane compound is in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight (wt %) to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte wherein, in Formula 1, 0.9≤x≤1.2, 0.85<y≤0.95, and 0≤z<0.2; M is aluminum, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, bismuth, or a combination thereof; A is an element having an oxidation number of −1 or −2, and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C 2 -C 30 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group.
1. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode, wherein the anode comprises a silicon-carbon composite material comprising Si particles; and
an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode,
wherein the cathode comprises a cathode active material represented by Formula 4,
the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; and a monofluorosilane compound represented by Formula 2,
wherein an amount of the monofluorosilane compound is in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight to about 5 weight percent, based on a total weight of the electrolyte
wherein, in Formula 4, 0.9≤x≤1.2, 0.85<y′≤0.95, 0<z′<0.1, and 0<1-y′-z′<0.15, in Formula 2,
R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C 2 -C 30 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group; and
R 2 and R 3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group,
wherein a substituent of the substituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group or C 6 -C 60 aryl group is a halogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a t-butyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a tetrafluoroethyl group, a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, or a combination thereof.
2. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the monofluorosilane compound is in a range of about 0.5 percent by weight to about 2 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
3. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 to R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group.
4. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein R 1 to R 3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C 2 -C 30 alkyl group.
5. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the monofluorosilane compound is a compound represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-12:
6. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (FSO 2 ) 2 NLi, or a combination thereof.
7. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6 ,
wherein the lithium salt comprises LiPF 6 and lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate, and
wherein an amount of the lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate is about 2 percent by weight or less, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
8. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent comprises fluoroethylene carbonate.
9. The lithium secondary battery of claim 8 , wherein an amount of the fluoroethylene carbonate is in a range of about 0.3 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight, based on a total weight of the non-aqueous solvent.
10. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 ,
wherein the electrolyte further comprises vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, or a combination thereof in an amount in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight to about 3 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
11. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises the maleic anhydride in an amount in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight to about 1.5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
12. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a phosphine compound, a phosphite compound, a phosphate compound, or a mixture thereof by an amount in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight to about 3 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
13. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a sulfone compound, a sulfonate compound, a disulfonate compound, or a combination thereof in an amount in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight to about 3 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
14. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 4, y is 0.88<y′≤0.95.
15. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material comprises Li 1.02 Ni 0.86 Co 0.08 Mn 0.04 O 2 , Li 1.02 Ni 0.88 Co 0.08 Mn 0.04 O 2 , or Li 1.02 Ni 0.95 Co 0.08 Mn 0.04 O 2 .
16. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a direct current internal resistance increase after 200 cycles of charging/discharging at a temperature of about 45° C. is less than about 140 percent.
17. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a cell energy density is about 500 watt-hours per liter or greater.
18. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode, wherein the anode comprises a silicon-carbon composite material comprising Si particles; and
an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode,
wherein the cathode comprises a cathode active material represented by Formula 3,
wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; a lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate and a monofluorosilane compound represented by Formula 2,
wherein an amount of the lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate is about 2 percent by weight or less, based on the total weight of the electrolyte, and
wherein an amount of the monofluorosilane compound is in a range of about 0.1 percent by weight to about 5 weight percent, based on a total weight of the electrolyte:
wherein, in Formula 3,
0.9<x<1.2, 0.85<y′<0.95, 0<z′<0.1, and 0<1-y′-z′<0.15, and in Formula 2,
R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C 2 -C 30 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group; and
R 2 and R 3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group,
wherein a substituent of the substituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group or C 6 -C 60 aryl group is a halogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a t-butyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a tetrafluoroethyl group, a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, or a combination thereof.