Method for collecting a desired blood component and performing a photopheresis treatment
An improved method for separating whole blood into components and collecting a desired blood component. The method allows a desired blood component to be subjected to centrifugal forces within a separator for prolonged periods of time, yielding a cleaner cut and higher yield of the desired blood component. Whole blood is drawn from a source and pumped into a separator, the undesired blood components are removed from the separator at rates so as to build up the desired blood component in the separator. The desired blood component is only removed after a predetermined amount of the desired blood component has built up in the separator. It is preferred that the desired blood component be buffy coat and that the method be used to perform photopheresis treatments. In another aspect, the invention is a method of performing a full photopheresis treatment to treat diseases in a reduced time, preferably less than about 70 minutes, and more preferably less than about 45 minutes.
1. An apparatus for carrying out a method for separating and collecting at least one blood component, the apparatus comprising a disposable kit, the disposable kit comprising:
a centrifuge bowl comprising:
an inlet port;
a first outlet port; and
a second outlet port;
a treatment bag fluidly connectable with the first outlet port of the centrifuge bowl; and
a return bag fluidly connectable with the second outlet port of the centrifuge bowl;
a hematocrit sensor in a flow path between the first outlet port of the centrifuge bowl and the treatment bag; and
a cassette for controlling the movement of blood fluids pumped to the centrifuge bowl;
the apparatus being configured to carry out a method comprising:
combining an anticoagulant agent with whole blood at a selected ratio of the anticoagulant agent to the whole blood;
pumping at least a portion of the combination of the whole blood and the anticoagulant agent through the cassette and into the centrifuge bowl through the inlet port of the centrifuge bowl;
operating the centrifuge bowl to displace air and separate the at least a portion of the combination of the whole blood and the anticoagulant agent into a plurality of separated blood components according to density, the plurality of separated blood components comprising at least plasma, red blood cells, and buffy coat;
until a collection of the buffy coat in the centrifuge bowl is initiated and where the buffy coat will then be directed out of the centrifuge bowl through the first outlet port and thereafter into the treatment bag:
withdrawing at least a portion of the plasma accumulating in the centrifuge bowl through the first outlet port and directing this plasma into the return bag, and after an interface between the buffy coat and the red blood cells in the centrifuge bowl reaches a predetermined position within the centrifuge bowl based upon red blood cells accumulating in the centrifuge bowl, withdrawing at least a portion of the red blood cells accumulating in the centrifuge bowl through the second outlet port and directing these red blood cells into the return bag, wherein the withdrawal of plasma and red bloods cells from the centrifuge bowl through the first and second outlet ports, respectively, as the at least a portion of the whole blood and the anticoagulant agent continues to be pumped into the centrifuge bowl through the inlet port, allows for accumulation of buffy coat within the centrifuge bowl; and
initiating a collection of the buffy coat from the centrifuge bowl and comprising allowing the red blood cells accumulating in the centrifuge bowl to push at least a portion of the buffy coat that has accumulated in the centrifuge bowl out of the centrifuge bowl through the first outlet port and into treatment bag until the hematocrit sensor detects a presence of the red blood cells.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , the method for which the apparatus is configured further comprising:
prior to pumping the at least a portion of the combination of the whole blood and the anticoagulant agent through the cassette and into the centrifuge bowl, priming at least the cassette with at least one of an anticoagulant agent and saline.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to withdraw at least a portion of the plasma accumulating in the centrifuge bowl into at least one plasma collection bag configured to be coupled to the first outlet port of the centrifuge bowl, the method further comprising:
withdrawing the at least a portion of the plasma accumulating in the centrifuge bowl into the at least one plasma collection bag via the first outlet port; and
combining at least a portion of the plasma in the at least one plasma collection bag with a priming fluid at a selected ratio of the plasma to the priming agent, the priming fluid comprising at least one of an anticoagulant agent and saline.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the apparatus is configured to withdraw at least a portion of the red blood cells accumulating in the centrifuge bowl into at least one red blood cell collection bag configured to be coupled to the second outlet port of the centrifuge bowl, the apparatus being further configured to:
withdraw the at least a portion of the red blood cells accumulating in the centrifuge bowl into the at least one red blood cell collection bag via the second outlet port; and to
combine at least a portion of the red blood cells in the at least one red blood cell collection bag with the at least a portion of the plasma in the at least one plasma collection bag, the combination of the red blood cells and the plasma to be returned to the patient.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffy coat is further separated into at least one of leukocytes and platelets.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , being further configured to:
combine at least a portion of the buffy coat in the at least one treatment bag with a photoactivatable agent at a selected ratio of the buffy coat to the photoactivatable agent;
pump at least a portion of the combination of the buffy coat and the photoactivatable agent into an irradiation chamber; and
irradiate the at least a portion of the combination of the buffy coat and the photoactivatable agent with electromagnetic radiation until a predetermined amount of energy is transferred to the combination.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the predetermined amount of energy is sufficient to induce apoptosis.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength ranging from about 320 nm to about 400 nm.
9. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the apparatus is configured to complete the method in less than about 70 minutes.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the apparatus is configured to complete the method in less than about 45 minutes.
11. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the apparatus is configured to withdraw at least a portion of the plasma accumulating in the centrifuge bowl into at least one plasma collection bag coupleable to the first outlet port of the centrifuge bowl, and further configured to:
prior to pumping the at least a portion of the combination of the buffy coat and the photoactivatable agent into an irradiation chamber, combine the at least a portion of the buffy coat in the at least one treatment bag with at least a portion of the plasma in the at least one plasma collection bag.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , being further configured to:
pump the at least a portion of the buffy coat in the at least one treatment bag into an irradiation chamber; and
irradiate the at least a portion of the buffy coat with electromagnetic radiation until a predetermined amount of energy is transferred to the buffy coat.