Multi-tail hydrate inhibitors
Low-dosage hydrate inhibitor (“LDHI”) compounds comprising multiple lipophilic tails and a hydrophilic head may be employed into fluids to inhibit agglomeration of hydrates, among other things. Suitable hydrophilic heads may include quaternary or tertiary ammonium cation moieties, and combinations thereof. Such LDHI compounds in some embodiments may include reaction products of DETA and/or other amines, fatty acid(s), and, optionally, alkyl halide(s). Compounds according to some embodiments may be employed in fluids in various environments, such as a conduit penetrating a subterranean formation, or a conduit carrying fluid in an industrial setting.
1. A method of inhibiting the formation of hydrate agglomerates, the method comprising:
introducing a composition into a fluid comprising (i) water and (ii) one of gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and any combination thereof;
wherein the composition comprises a low-dosage hydrate inhibitor (“LDHI”) compound comprising multiple lipophilic tails, a linking moiety, and an ammonium hydrophilic head comprising a quaternary ammonium cation moiety, and wherein the LDHI compound has the structural formula:
wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon chain;
wherein each of Z and Z′ is a moiety comprising a functional group that comprises at least one carbon;
wherein each of L and L′ is a C 1 to C 20 hydrocarbon chain;
wherein each of R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen and a C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbon chain; and
wherein R 3 R 4 N + is associated with an anion X − , wherein the X − comprises an anion selected from a group consisting of: a bromide, a carboxylate, an organic sulfonate, a hydroxide, and any combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is introduced in an amount such that the LDHI compound is present in the fluid in an amount equal to about 0.1 to about 3.0% volume based on water cut of the fluid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluid resides within a conduit.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluid resides within a subterranean formation.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid has a water cut of about 30% to about 50%.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LDHI compound comprises the reaction product of a reaction between (i) an amide intermediate resulting from a reaction between diethylenetriamine (DETA) and one or more fatty acids; and (ii) alkyl halide.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more fatty acids comprises a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of: corn oil, canola oil, and any combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each lipophilic tail is independently a C 8 to C 18 hydrocarbon chain.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein Z and Z′ are carbonyl groups, L and L′ are C 2 hydrocarbon chains, and the LDHI compound has the structural formula:
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is a C 4 to C 8 hydrocarbon chain, and R 4 is hydrogen.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid further comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: toluene, xylene, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycol, and combinations thereof.