Conductive multilayer sheet for thermal forming applications

1. A multilayer sheet, comprising:

a substrate comprising a substrate first surface and a substrate second surface;

a conductive layer having a conductive layer first surface disposed on the substrate first surface; and

an ultraviolet curable coating layer, comprising

a multifunctional acrylate oligomer; and

an acrylate monomer;

wherein the ultraviolet curable coating layer includes a total weight, wherein 30% to 80% of the total weight comprises the multifunctional acrylate oligomer, and wherein 15% to 65% of the total weight comprises the acrylate monomer;

wherein the ultraviolet curable coating layer is disposed on a conductive layer second surface.

2. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional acrylate oligomer comprises an aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, a pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, an aliphatic urethane acrylate, an acrylic ester, a dipentaerythritol dexaacrylate, an acrylated resin, a trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), a dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate ester, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

3. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional acrylate oligomer comprises an aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer and a pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, wherein the multifunctional acrylate oligomer includes a multifunctional acrylate oligomer weight, wherein 30% to 50% of the multifunctional acrylate oligomer weight comprises the aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, and wherein 50% to 70% of the multifunctional acrylate oligomer weight comprises the pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.

4. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet curable coating layer further comprises a photoinitiator, wherein 3% to 7% of the total weight comprises the photoinitiator.

5. The multilayer sheet of claim 4 , wherein the photoinitiator comprises an α-hydroxyketone photoinitiator.

6. The multilayer sheet of claim 5 , wherein the α-hydroxyketone photoinitiator is 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone.

7. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the acrylate monomer comprises 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate.

8. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), polyetherimide (PEI), polystyrene, polyimide, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl fluouride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), glass, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

9. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet curable coating layer can adhere to a polycarbonate substrate with an adhesion strength of 5B as measured according to ASTM D3359.

10. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the multilayer sheet has a transmittance of greater than or equal to 80% as measured according to ASTM D1003 Procedure A using CIE standard illuminant C.

11. A method of making a multilayer sheet, comprising:

forming a substrate comprising a substrate first surface and a substrate second surface;

applying a conductive layer comprising a base and a conductive coating to the substrate first surface; and

applying an ultraviolet cured coating layer to a surface of the conductive layer opposite that in contact with the substrate second surface, wherein the ultraviolet cured coating layer comprises a multifunctional acrylate oligomer and an acrylate monomer, wherein the ultraviolet cured coating layer includes a total weight, wherein 30% to 80% of the total weight comprises the multifunctional acrylate oligomer, and wherein 15% to 65% of the total weight comprises the acrylate monomer;

pressing the substrate, conductive layer, and ultraviolet cured coating layer together to form a stack;

heating the stack;

activating the ultraviolet cured coating layer with an ultraviolet radiation source; and

removing the base from the stack leaving a conductive multilayer sheet;

wherein the ultraviolet cured coating layer remains adhered to the conductive layer.

12. The multilayer sheet of claim 11 , wherein the ultraviolet curable coating layer further comprises a photoinitiator, wherein 3% to 7% of the total weight comprises the photoinitiator.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising thermoforming the multilayer sheet to form a thermoformed article.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the thermoforming comprises:

placing the multilayer sheet on a clamp of a mold;

fixing the multilayer sheet to the clamp;

pushing the multilayer sheet out of the clamp by raising the mold;

lowering the mold;

heating the multilayer sheet while simultaneously beginning the vacuum and raising the mold to form the thermoformed article.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the ultraviolet curable coating layer can adhere to a polycarbonate substrate with an adhesion strength of 5B as measured according to ASTM D3359.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the thermoformed article has a transmittance of greater than or equal to 80% as measured according to ASTM D1003 Procedure A using CIE standard illuminant C.

17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the surface resistivity of the thermoformed article is less than or equal to 60 Ohms.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the thermoformed article has an elongation of less than or equal to 20% at a temperature of less than or equal to 130° C., when measured by dynamic mechanical analysis.

19. The multilayer sheet of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises metal particles arranged in a network of interconnected metal traces defining randomly shaped openings on the substrate first surface.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conductive layer comprises metal particles arranged in a network of interconnected metal traces defining randomly shaped openings on the substrate first surface.