Methods for colon hyperproliferative disorder detection, prognosis, and diagnosis
The present disclosure provides methods of using certain biomarker expression profiles in the detection, diagnosis, prognosis, or development of treatment regimens for various cellular hyperproliferative disorders of the bowel. For example, pre-diagnostic methods comprise detecting whether the concentration of at least BAG4 in a test biological sample from a subject is elevated as compared to a control.
1. A method for detecting a biomarker in a biological sample from a human subject, the method comprising:
contacting the biological sample and a control sample with an immunoglobulin binding protein specific for BCL-2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4) and with an immunoglobulin binding protein specific for interleukin 6 signal transducer (IL6ST), wherein the biological sample is selected from blood, serum, plasma, ascites, mucosa, lung sputum, saliva, feces, or cerebrospinal fluid;
detecting whether a signal results from contacting the biological sample and the control sample with the immunoglobulin binding proteins and measuring the BAG4 and IL6ST signals, wherein the BAG4 signal indicates specific binding of the BAG4-specific immunoglobulin binding protein to BAG4 and the IL6ST signal indicates specific binding of the IL6ST-specific immunoglobulin binding protein to IL6ST; wherein the biological sample is from a human subject at risk of developing or having a colon hyperproliferative disorder (CHD).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CHD is colon adenoma or colon cancer.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising detecting an elevated level of an additional antigen compared to a control, wherein the additional antigen is selected from Von Willebrand factor (VWF) cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein at least two of the VWF, CD44, and EGFR antigens in the test sample have a level that is elevated compared to the control, wherein the at least two antigens are selected from VWF/CD44, VWF/EGFR, or CD44/EGFR.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein CD44 and/or EGFR is glycosylated.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the glycosylation is a sialyl Lewis A or a sialyl Lewis X.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the level of expression of BAG4 is at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20 fold higher than the control.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of the BAG4-specific and IL6ST-specific binding proteins are individually labeled with a reporter or each is individually detected with a labeled anti-human immunoglobulin.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the anti-human immunoglobulin comprises a fluorescent label or a chromogenic reporter.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the labeled anti-human immunoglobulin is an anti-IgA, anti-IgD, anti-IgE, anti-IgG, or anti-IgM.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method comprises a sandwich assay.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of performing a colonoscopy on the human subject to confirm the presence of a colon hyperproliferative disorder.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is blood, serum, or plasma.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
(a) specificity for colon cancer is about 90% and sensitivity is between about 63% and about 86%;
(b) specificity for colon adenoma is about 90% and sensitivity is between about 68% and 87%; or
(c) pre-diagnostic specificity for colon cancer is about 90% and sensitivity is between about 35% and about 52%.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein proteins of the biological sample are labeled with a reporter.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the BAG4-specific and IL6ST-specific binding proteins are antibodies and are part of an antibody array.