Ether-based polymers as photo-crosslinkable dielectrics

1. A polymer, comprising:

at least one unit of formula (1):

wherein:

n is 0 or 1;

m and p are independently from each other 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,

provided that the sum of n, m and p is at least 2, and n and p are not 0 at the same time;

Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently from each other a C 6-14 -arylene or a C 6-14 -aryl, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a C 1-30 -alkyl, a C 2-30 -alkenyl, a C 2-30 -alkynyl, a C 5-8 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-14 -aryl and a 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl;

X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are independently from each other and at each occurrence O or S;

R 1 and R 2 are independently from each other and at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a C 1-30 -alkyl, a C 2-30 -alkenyl, a C 2-30 -alkynyl, a C 5-8 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-14 -aryl and a 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl;

C 1-30 -alkyl, C 2-30 -alkenyl and C 2-30 -alkynyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl;

C 5-8 -cycloalkyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a C 1-10 -alkyl, CN, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl; and

C 6-14 -aryl and 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 1-10 -alkyl, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl and a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl.

2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

n is 0 or 1; and

m and p are independently from each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,

provided that the sum of n, m and p is at least 2, and n and p are not 0 at the same time.

3. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

n is 0 or 1; and

m and p are independently from each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,

provided that the sum of n and p is at least 2.

4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

n is 0 or 1; and

m and p are independently from each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,

provided that the sum of n and p is at least 3.

5. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently from each other a phenylene or phenyl, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a C 1-30 -alkyl, a C 2-30 -alkenyl, a C 2-30 -alkynyl, a C 5-8 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-14 -aryl and a 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl;

C 1-30 -alkyl, C 2-30 -alkenyl and C 2-30 -alkynyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-10 -aryl, and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl;

C 5-8 -cycloalkyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 1-10 -alkyl, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl; and

C 6-14 -aryl and 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 1-10 -alkyl, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl and a C 5-6- cycloalkyl.

6. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently from each other a phenylene or phenyl, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a C 1-20 -alkyl, a C 2-20 -alkenyl and a C 2-20 -alkynyl; and

C 1-20 -alkyl, C 2-20 -alkenyl and C 2-20 -alkynyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl.

7. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently from each other an unsubstituted phenylene or phenyl.

8. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of n, m and p is not 0, and

X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are 0.

9. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

R 1 and R 2 are independently from each other and at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a C 1-20 -alkyl, a C 2-20 -alkenyl, a C 2-20 -alkynyl and phenyl;

C 1-20 -alkyl, C 2-20 -alkenyl and C 2-20 -alkynyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl; and

phenyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 1-10 -alkyl, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl and a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl.

10. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

R 1 and R 2 are independently from each other and at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a C 1-10 -alkyl and phenyl;

C 1-10 -alkyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen and phenyl; and

phenyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen and C 1-6 -alkyl.

11. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of m and p is not 0;

R 1 and R 2 area C 1-6 -alkyl; and

C 1-6 -alkyl can be substituted with 1 to 3 of a halogen.

12. The polymer of claim 1 , which is a copolymer comprising:

at least one unit of formula (1):

and at least one unit of formula (10):

wherein:

n is 0 or 1;

m and p are independently from each other 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,

provided that the sum of n, m and p is at least 2, and n and p are not 0 at the same time;

q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;

Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 are independently from each other a C 6-14 -arylene or a C 6-14 -aryl, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a C 1-30 -alkyl, a C 2-30 -alkenyl, a C 2-30 -alkynyl, a C 5-8 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-14 -aryl and a 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl;

X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are independently from each other and at each occurrence O or S;

R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently from each other and at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a C 1-30 -alkyl, a C 2-30 -alkenyl, a C 2-30 -alkynyl, a C 5-8 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-14 -aryl and a 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl;

C 1-30 -alkyl, C 2-30 -alkenyl and C 2-30 -alkynyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl;

C 5-8 -cycloalkyl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 1-10 -alkyl, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl, a C 6-10 -aryl and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl; and

C 6-14 -aryl and 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl can be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, CN, a C 1-10 -alkyl, a C 2-10 -alkenyl, a C 2-10 -alkynyl and a C 5-6 -cycloalkyl.

13. A composition, comprising:

the polymer of claim 1 and a solvent.

14. The composition of claim 13 , further comprising:

a crosslinker.

15. A process for preparing an electronic device containing a layer formed from the composition of claim 13 , the process comprising:

applying the composition on a pre-cursor of the electronic device in order to form the layer.

16. An electronic device obtained by the process of claim 15 .

17. An article, comprising:

the polymer of claim 1 ,

wherein the article is selected from the group consisting of a dielectric layer, a resist layer, an insulating layer, a passivation layer, a planarization layer, an encapsulation layer and a coating layer.