Non-equilibrium plasma system and method of refining syngas
An object of the present invention is to provide a non-equilibrium plasma (NEP) system and method of refining syngas. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-equilibrium plasma system for refining syngas, the system comprising a reactor with a hollow chamber, having one or more inlet manifolds configured to promote an axially symmetric and swirling flow pattern, into which syngas and one or more gasifying agents are introduced for processing within the reactor, a high voltage electrode; and a ground electrode, wherein the system is configured to create a non-equilibrium plasma producing electric arc upon application of a high voltage potential across an arc initiating gap between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode and wherein the system is configured such that the syngas, the one or more gasifying agent(s) and plasma producing electric arc come together concurrently in the reactor. In one embodiment of the invention, the non-equilibrium plasma system comprises two eccentric cylindrical manifolds configured to form a single inlet manifold, wherein the two eccentric cylindrical manifolds comprise a first eccentric cylindrical manifold for gasifying agent input and a second eccentric cylindrical manifold for syngas input. The invention also comprises a method for refining syngas wherein the non-equilibrium plasma system of the present invention combines the syngas, the air and the plasma-producing electric arc in the same region, which will co-exist in the same location.
1. A non-equilibrium plasma system for refining of syngas, the system comprising:
a reactor comprising:
a hollow chamber having a first end and a second end; the chamber having a gas outlet proximal to the second end and a single inlet manifold proximal to the first end;
wherein the single inlet manifold is configured to input gas tangentially into the hollow chamber, the single inlet manifold comprising a first eccentric cylindrical manifold having a first diameter for gasifying agent input and a second eccentric cylindrical manifold having a second diameter for syngas input and wherein the first diameter and the second diameter are offset and the single inlet manifold is configured to promote an axially symmetric and swirling flow pattern,
a high voltage electrode; and
a ground electrode in a side wall of the chamber separated from the high voltage electrode by an arc initiating gap,
wherein the system is configured to create a non-equilibrium plasma producing electric arc upon application of a high voltage potential across the arc initiating gap, wherein the single inlet manifold is configured to input gas in proximity to the arc, and wherein the one or more gasifying agents are selected from the group consisting of air, O 2 , enriched air, steam, CO 2 , O 3 , H 2 S, H 2 O 2 or combinations thereof.
2. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 1 , wherein the high voltage electrode is hollow and comprises an insert or a means for circulating a cooling fluid in said hollow electrode interior to promote a convection cooling.
3. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 2 , wherein the electrode insert is made of highly conductive material and wherein the electrode insert comprises a high thermionic emissivity material comprising hafnium, zirconium, tungsten, thorium, lanthanum, strontium, or alloys thereof.
4. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 1 , wherein the high voltage electrode is configured as a rotating electrode or a fixed electrode and optionally wherein the high voltage electrode comprises a ring, tips, pin, fork, wire, coil or blades.
5. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor has a frustum shaped section and wherein the ground electrode is located in the frustum shaped section.
6. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 1 , wherein the high voltage electrode comprises an electrode body and an electrode end and wherein the diameter of the electrode end is larger than the high voltage electrode body.
7. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 6 , wherein the electrode end is configured as a ring and optionally wherein the electrode ring has a shape selected from square, circular, square with round corners, parabolic, vertically oriented rectangular shape, vertically oriented elliptical, horizontally oriented rectangular shape, horizontally oriented elliptical, oval shape or air foil shape.
8. The non-equilibrium plasma system of claim 1 , wherein the high voltage electrode comprises a ring-shaped high voltage electrode end, wherein the ring-shaped high voltage electrode end is sized to provide an arc initiating gap and wherein the ring-shaped high voltage electrode end is operatively connected to the electrode body via one or more legs.