Zinc-air battery surfactants

1. A zinc-air battery comprising an air cathode, a zinc anode, and an

electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises an amphoteric fluorosurfactant of Formula (I):

wherein

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, or cycloalkyl group;

X 1 is —C(O)—, —SO 2 —, —C(O)NR a —, —SO 2 NR a —, —CO 2 —, or —SO 2 O—;

R a is H or an alkyl group;

m and p are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and

n and r are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

2. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein

R 1 -R 6 are H;

R 7 and R 8 are C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

X 1 is SO 2 or SO 2 NR a ;

R a is H;

n is 2 or 3;

p is 2, 3, 4, or 5;

m is from 3 to 6; and

r is 1.

3. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the amphoteric fluorosurfactant is present in the electrolyte from about 200 ppm to about 20000 ppm.

4. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the amphoteric fluorosurfactant is present in the electrolyte from about 4000 ppm to about 15000 ppm.

5. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein:

the electrolyte further comprises a surfactant that is hexyl diphenyl oxide disulfonic acid, diethylenetriamine, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, a compound of Formula (III), or a combination of any two or more thereof, and

the compound represented as Formula (III) is:

R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, or cycloalkyl group;

X 2 is O or S;

X 3 is OH or SH; and

w is 5-50.

6. The zinc-air battery of claim 5 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound of Formula (III), and wherein R 13 is a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group; R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each hydrogen; X 2 is O; X 3 is OH; w is 5-15.

7. The zinc-air battery of claim 5 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound of Formula (III), and wherein R 13 is octyl or 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl; R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , and R 21 are each hydrogen; X 2 is O; X 3 is OH; w is 5-15.

8. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a corrosion inhibitor, a gelling agent, zinc oxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, polyacrylate polymer, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

9. The zinc-air battery of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a corrosion inhibitor selected from a group consisting of indium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyaniline, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

10. The zinc-air battery of claim 9 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor is lithium hydroxide.

11. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 further comprising a separator between the air cathode and the zinc anode.

12. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a corrosion inhibitor that is present in the electrolyte from about 100 ppm to about 25000 ppm.

13. The zinc-air battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a gas suppressing additive.

14. The zinc-air battery of claim 13 , wherein the gas suppressing additive is zinc oxide, lead acetate, bismuth oxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or a combination of any two or more thereof.