CIRCULATING TUMOR CELL DIAGNOSTICS FOR THERAPY TARGETING PD-L1
The disclosure provides a method for determining if a subject afflicted with cancer is a candidate for Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) targeted immunotherapy, which method comprises (a) providing a liquid biopsy sample obtained from the subject afflicted with cancer; (b) detecting CTCs in the liquid biopsy sample; (c) calculating what proportion of CTCs in the liquid biopsy express PD-L1; and (c) identifying the subject as a candidate for PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy based on an assessment that the proportion of the CTCs in the liquid biopsy that express PD-L1 exceeds a pre-determined threshold level.
1 . A method for determining if a subject afflicted with cancer is a candidate for Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) targeted immunotherapy, which method comprises (a) providing a liquid biopsy sample obtained from the subject afflicted with cancer; (b) detecting CTCs in the liquid biopsy sample; (c) calculating what proportion of CTCs in the liquid biopsy express PD-L1; and (c) identifying the subject as a candidate for PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy based on an assessment that the proportion of the CTCs in the liquid biopsy that express PD-L1 exceeds a pre-determined threshold level.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing morphological characteristics of the CTCs.
3 . The method of claim 2 , further comprising assessing the genotype of the CTCs.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising identification of white blood cells (WBCs) in the liquid biopsy sample.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the WBCs are identified utilizing CD45.
6 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising enumeration of WBCs in the liquid biopsy sample.
7 . The method of claim 6 , further comprising assessing what proportion of WBCs that express PD-L1.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing what proportion of CTCs that express PD-L1 are cytokeratin-negative (CK-negative)
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising an algorithm for the identification of the subject as a candidate for PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is determined to be a candidate for Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) targeted immunotherapy.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising step (d) communicating the determination to a health care provider.
12 . The method of claim 9 , comprising communicating that the subject was not identified as a candidate based on the assessment that the proportion of CTCs in the liquid biopsy that express PD-L1 is below a predetermined threshold level.
13 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising a final step administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that potentiates an endogenous immune response in the candidate.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the agent inhibits signaling from an inhibitory immunoregulator.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the inhibitory immunoregulator is a component of a PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.
16 . A method of monitoring expression of PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of a subject undergoing PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy, which method comprises (a) providing at least two liquid biopsy samples from the subject undergoing PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy, wherein the samples were obtained at separate pre-determined time points; (b) detecting CTCs in the liquid biopsy samples; (c) calculating what proportion of CTCs in the liquid biopsy samples express PD-L1; and (c) comparing the proportion of CTCs that express PD-L1 between the liquid biopsy samples to monitor the expression of PD-L1.
17 . The method of claim 16 , the comparison informs a decision on continuing the PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein a decrease of PD-L1 expression on the CTCs over time is prognostic of a decreased response to PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein no significant change of PD-L1 expression on the CTCs over time is prognostic of a positive response to PD-L1 targeted immunotherapy.
20 . A method for determining whether a determining if a subject afflicted with cancer is at risk for metastasis, which method comprises (a) providing a liquid biopsy obtained from the subject afflicted with cancer; (b) detecting CTCs that express PDL-1 in the liquid biopsy sample; (c) calculating what proportion of CTCs in the liquid biopsy express PD-L1 are CK-negative; and (c) identifying the subject as a candidate at risk for metastasis based on an assessment that the proportion of CK-negative CTCs in the liquid biopsy that express PD-L1 exceeds a predetermined threshold level.