Zinc anode composition
An alkaline electrochemical cell, preferably a zinc/air cell which includes a container; a negative electrode, a positive electrode, wherein said negative electrode and said positive electrode are disposed within the container, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode comprises zinc, a branched chain fluorosurfactant, barium sulfate (and, more specifically, amino- and/or epoxy-functionalized barium sulfate) and nano sized zinc oxide. The negative electrode composition supports high zinc to electrolyte weight ratios.
1. An alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising:
a container; a negative electrode, a positive electrode, wherein said negative electrode and said positive electrode are disposed within the container, and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode comprises zinc and functionalized barium sulfate.
2. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode further comprises a fluorosurfactant.
3. The cell according to claim 2 , wherein said fluorosurfactant is a sulfotricarballylate.
4. The cell according to claim 2 , wherein a formula for said fluorosurfactant is selected from (a) or (b):
where the groups Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are, independently of one another, branched or unbranched alkyl groups or groups of the structure R i (A(CR 1 R 2 ) ci —(CR 3 R 4 ) c′i) di-, where the respective indices ci and c′i are, independently of one another, 0-10, and di=0-5, where R i is a branched or unbranched, fluorine-containing alkyl radical, R 1 to R 4 are, independently of one another, hydrogen or a branched or unbranched alkyl group, ci and c′i are not simultaneously 0, and A=0, S and/or N, Y 1 is an anionic polar group and Y 2 is a hydrogen atom, or vice versa,
X is a cation, and at least one of the groups Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 is a group of the structure R i A(CR 1 R 2 ) ci —(CR 3 R 4 ) c′i )di-; and
where Z 1 ═Z 2 ═Z 3 ═F 3 C(CF 2 )(CH 2 )(O(CH 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 )).
5. The cell according to claim 4 , wherein the negative electrode further includes zinc oxide, and wherein said zinc oxide is nano-sized.
6. The cell according to claim 5 , wherein each of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 comprises a fluorinated end group, and each of said fluorinated end groups comprises F 3 C(CF 2 ) 2 or F 3 C(CF 2 ).
7. The cell according to claim 5 , wherein each of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 comprises a fluorinated end group, and wherein said fluorinated end groups are identical.
8. The cell according to claim 5 , wherein the functionalized barium sulfate comprises at least one of: an amino group and an epoxide group.
9. The cell according to claim 2 , wherein said fluorosurfactant is
where Z 1 ═Z 2 ═Z 3 ═F 3 C(CF 2 )(CH 2 )(O(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 )).
10. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode is an air electrode.
11. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the functionalized barium sulfate comprises at least one of: an amino group and an epoxide group.
12. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the functionalized barium sulfate is provided at a concentration of no greater than 0.2 weight percent of negative electrode mixture.
13. The cell according to claim 12 , wherein the functionalized barium sulfate comprises a functional group selected from: an amino group, an epoxide group and combinations thereof.
14. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode further includes zinc oxide, and wherein said zinc oxide is nano-sized.
15. The cell according to claim 14 , wherein the functionalized barium sulfate comprises at least one of: an amino group and an epoxide group.
16. The cell according to claim 14 , wherein the functionalized barium sulfate comprises an epoxide group.
17. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of zinc to electrolyte is greater than 3.6.
18. The cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises manganese dioxide.