Secondary battery-use electrolytic solution, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus
A secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution including a cyano compound.
1. A secondary battery, comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution including a cyano compound represented by the following formula (1),
where X1 n1+ is one of a metal ion and an onium ion, M1 is one of transition metal elements, and Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements in the long form of the periodic table of the elements, Rf is one of a fluorine group and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, Y1 is one of —C(═O)—(CR1 2 ) d1 -C(═O)—, —CR2 2 -(CR3 2 ) e1 -C(═O)—, —S(═O) 2 —(CR3 2 ) e1 -S(═O) 2 —, —CR2 2 -(CR3 2 ) e1 -S(═O) 2 —, —C(═O)—(CR3 2 ) e1 -S(═O) 2 —, and —CR2 2 -(CR3 2 ) e1 -CR2 2 -, each of R1's is one of a fluorine group (—F), a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, each of R2's is one of a hydrogen group, a fluorine group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, each of R3's is one of a hydrogen group, a fluorine group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, each of a1, f1, and n1 is an integer of 1 or 2, each of b1 and d1 is an integer of 1 to 4, c1 is an integer of 0 to 3, e1 is an integer of 0 to 4, and each of g1 and m1 is an integer of 1 to 3.
2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the X1 is one of the Group 1 elements and the Group 2 elements in the long form of the periodic table of the elements.
3. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the X1 is lithium (Li).
4. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the M1 is one of boron (B), phosphorus (P), and aluminum (Al).
5. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the monovalent hydrocarbon group is one of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and a monovalent group in which two or more of the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group, the cycloalkyl group, and the aryl group are bound, and
the monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group is a group in which one or more hydrogen groups in the monovalent hydrocarbon group are substituted by a fluorine group.
6. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the Rf is the monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, and
the number of carbons in the monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group is from 1 to 10 both inclusive.
7. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the cyano compound in the electrolytic solution is from 0.01 mol/kg to 0.5 mol/kg both inclusive.
8. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium-ion secondary battery.
9. An electrolytic solution for a secondary battery, the electrolytic solution comprising:
a cyano compound represented by the following formula (1),
where X1 n1+ is one of a metal ion and an onium ion, M1 is one of transition metal elements, and Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements in the long form of the periodic table of the elements, Rf is one of a fluorine group and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, Y1 is one of —C(═O)—(CR1 2 ) d1 -C(═O)—, —CR2 2 -(CR3 2 ) e1 -C(═O)—, —S(═O) 2 —(CR3 2 ) e1 -S(═O) 2 —, —CR2 2 -(CR3 2 ) e1 -S(═O) 2 —, —C(═O)—(CR3 2 ) e1 -S(═O) 2 —, and —CR2 2 -(CR3 2 ) e1 -CR2 2 -, each of R1's is one of a fluorine group (—F), a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, each of R2's is one of a hydrogen group, a fluorine group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, each of R3's is one of a hydrogen group, a fluorine group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group, each of a1, f1, and n1 is an integer of 1 or 2, each of b1 and d1 is an integer of 1 to 4, c1 is an integer of 0 to 3, e1 is an integer of 0 to 4, and each of g1 and m1 is an integer of 1 to 3.
10. A battery pack comprising:
the secondary battery according to claim 1 ;
a controller that controls an operation of the secondary battery; and
a switch section that switches the operation of the secondary battery in accordance with an instruction from the controller
11. An electric vehicle comprising:
the secondary battery according to claim 1 ;
a converter that converts electric power supplied from the secondary battery into drive power;
a drive section that operates in accordance with the drive power; and
a controller that controls an operation of the secondary battery;
12. An electric power storage system comprising:
the secondary battery according to claim 1 ;
one or more electric devices that are supplied with electric power from the secondary battery; and
a controller that controls the supplying of the electric power from the secondary battery to the one or more electric devices
13. An electric power tool comprising:
the secondary battery according to claim 1 ; and
a movable section that is supplied with electric power from the secondary battery
14. An electronic apparatus comprising the secondary battery according to claim 1 as an electric power supply source
15. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein one of R1 is a hydrogen group (—H).
16. The electrolytic solution according to claim 9 , wherein one of R1 is a hydrogen group (—H).