Cationic multiple quaternary ammonium-based surfactants for enhancing production in subterranean formations
Surfactant compositions for enhancing oil and/or gas production from certain subterranean formations (e.g., unconventional reservoirs), and related methods of use, are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise: providing a treatment fluid comprising a carrier fluid and a cationic surfactant comprising at least two hydrophobic heads that each comprise a quaternary cationic moiety; and introducing the treatment fluid into at least a portion of a subterranean formation.
1. A method comprising:
providing a treatment fluid comprising a carrier fluid and a cationic surfactant comprising at least two hydrophobic heads that each comprise a quaternary cationic moiety, wherein the cationic surfactant comprises at least one compound having the following molecular structure:
wherein:
each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is a C 3 to C 8 hydrocarbon chain, wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is a C 5 to C 7 hydrocarbon chain; and
each of X and X′ is an anion selected from the group consisting of a halide, a carboxylate, a sulfate, an organic sulfonate, a hydroxide, and any combination thereof; and
R is a functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and any combination thereof; and
introducing the treatment fluid into at least a portion of a subterranean formation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the carrier fluid comprises an aqueous fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid is introduced into a well bore penetrating at least a portion of the subterranean formation at a pressure sufficient to create or enhance one or more fractures in the subterranean formation.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the well bore comprises an injection well.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more hydrocarbons reside in the portion of the subterranean formation, and the method further comprises:
allowing at least a portion of the hydrocarbons to dissolve in the treatment fluid; and
allowing the hydrocarbons to flow out of the subterranean formation with at least a portion of the treatment fluid.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the subterranean formation comprises an unconventional formation.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the treatment fluid further comprises one or more additional surfactants.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein R is a C 13 to C 20 hydrocarbon chain.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the cationic surfactant is present in the treatment fluid in an amount of from about 100 parts per million to about 100,000 parts per million of the treatment fluid by volume.