Methods and systems for grinding corn and making ethanol therefrom
Processes for grinding corn, ground corn products, and processes for making ethanol from the ground corn products. In some examples, a process for making ethanol can include introducing a plurality of corn pieces into a mill. The process can also include milling the corn pieces in the mill to produce a ground corn product. Greater than 25 wt % of the ground corn product can have a particle size of greater than 105 μm, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966. Greater than 80 wt % of the ground corn product can have a particle size of 425 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966. The process can also include processing the ground corn product to produce a fermentation mash that can include ethanol and separating at least a portion of the ethanol from the fermentation mash to produce a stillage.
1. A process for making ethanol, comprising:
introducing a plurality of corn pieces into a mill, wherein the plurality of corn pieces comprises whole corn kernels, fragmented corn kernels, size-reduced corn kernels, milled corn kernels, or any mixture thereof;
milling the corn pieces in the mill to produce a ground corn product, wherein greater than 25 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of greater than 105 μm, and wherein greater than 80 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 425 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966;
processing the ground corn product to produce a fermentation mash comprising ethanol; and
separating at least a portion of the ethanol from the fermentation mash to produce a stillage.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating corn oil from the stillage.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ground corn product has a d 50 by volume percent of 100 μm to 400 μm, as measured according to ISO 13320:2009.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mill is an air swept pulverizer or a disk mill fiberizer, and wherein the mill shears the corn pieces during milling to produce the ground corn product.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
greater than 85 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 425 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966,
greater than 15 vol % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 60 μm or less, as measured according to ISO 13320:2009, and
greater than 50 vol % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 400 μm or less, as measured according to ISO 13320:2009.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the mill is an air swept pulverizer or a disk mill fiberizer, greater than 85 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 425 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966,
the ground corn product has a d 50 by volume percent of 100 μm to 400 μm, as measured according to ISO 13320:2009, the ground corn product has a crystallinity of greater than 75%, as compared to a crystallinity of the plurality of corn pieces prior to milling,
greater than 15 vol % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 60 μm or less, as measured according to ISO 13320:2009, and
greater than 50 vol % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 400 μm or less, as measured according to ISO 13320:2009.
7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating corn oil from the stillage, wherein the mill comprises a first rotatable disk and either a second rotatable disk or a stationary surface, and wherein a distance separating the first rotatable disk and either the second rotatable disk or the stationary surface provides a shearing gap therebetween.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein milling the corn pieces in the mill comprises shearing the corn pieces between the first rotatable disk and either the second rotatable disk or the stationary surface in the shearing gap.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein greater than 30 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 105 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein greater than 40 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 150 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein greater than 50 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 180 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein greater than 40 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 105 μm or less, greater than 50 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 150 μm or less, and wherein greater than 60 wt % of the ground corn product has a particle size of 180 μm or less, as measured according to AOAC 965.22-1966.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein milling the corn pieces in the mill to produce a ground corn product comprises shearing the corn pieces.