Method for determining analyte-ligand binding on a sensor surface

1. A method of assaying a plurality of sample solutions for the presence of analyte in the sample comprising:

(a) providing a sensor surface having a ligand immobilized thereto wherein the ligand has a ligand density on the sensor surface configured to allow binding of analyte in the plurality of samples;

(b) flowing a first sample solution over the sensor surface; and

(c) detecting the presence or absence of binding of a first analyte to the ligand on the sensor surface;

repeating steps (b) and (c) by flowing a subsequent sample solution that is the same or different than the first sample solution over the sensor surface to detect the presence or absence of binding between the ligand immobilized on the surface and a further analyte, the further analyte being the same or different than the first analyte, wherein the time between initiating the flowing of the first sample solution and flowing the second sample solution is less than forty seconds, and the contact time between the first sample solution and the immobilized ligand is less than 15 seconds wherein the contact time between the sample solution and the sensor surface having the ligand density is sufficient to allow binding between analyte in the plurality of samples and the ligand.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contact time is less than 10 seconds.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contact time is less than 5 seconds.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contact time is less than 3 seconds.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contact time is less than 2 seconds.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein detection at the sensor surface is based on evanescent wave sensing.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein detection at the sensor surface is based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the further analyte is the same as the first analyte.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the further analyte is different to the first analyte.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are repeated for a third sample solution.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are repeated at least ten times to assay at least ten further solutions.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cycle time is less than 15 seconds.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein no regeneration step is carried out between initiating the flowing of at least one of the sample solutions over the sensor surface and initiating flowing of a next sequential sample solution over the sensor surface.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein no washing step and/or no carry-over control injection step is carried out between initiating the flowing of at least one of the sample solutions over the sensor surface and initiating flowing of a next sequential sample solution over the sensor surface.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ligand density on the sensor surface is up to 50000 RU.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ligand density on the sensor surface is in a range 5000 RU to 15000 RU.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises determining the analyte concentration in the sample solution.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises determining the affinity of analyte to the ligand.

19. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining differences in analyte concentrations and/or analyte affinities between different sample solutions.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ligand or analyte is an antibody or fragment thereof.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is used to screen antibodies.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is used as a fragment-based screen to identify non-specific binders or aggregators.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is used as a fragment-based screen to identify specific binders to the ligand.