An absorber is provided which uses a liquid solvent formed into a myriad of bubbles and micro-droplets. The solvent froth is a solvent for a selected component in an incoming gas stream. A plurality of spaced apart screen assemblies is placed in a reaction vessel. Using screens having cross-sections that are substantially rectangular wave in design together with proper operating parameters, the phenomenon of solvent plug pulsing is induced and maintained, maximizing efficiency of the absorber.
1. A method of absorbing a selected component from an incoming flowing gas stream, wherein said absorption occurs across the surface of an aqueous froth comprising a liquid solvent for said selected component, said froth being intermixed with numerous bubbles and micro-droplets formed from causing bubbles in said froth to burst, the method comprising the steps of:
flowing said gas stream downwardly into and through a reaction vessel;
providing a plurality of mesh assemblies in and across the entire cross-sectional area of said reaction vessel, said mesh assemblies comprising shaped screens having substantially rectangular wave cross-sections
wherein said mesh assemblies are spaced apart vertically from one another in tiers along the height of said reaction vessel,
introducing said liquid solvent into the upper end of said reaction vessel,
forming said aqueous froth by passing said liquid solvent into and through said plurality of said mesh assemblies,
causing said solvent froth and micro-droplets to flow co-currently with said incoming gas stream and to accumulate rapidly and periodically on first regions of said shaped screens, thereby limiting the flow of said gas stream through said first regions, and causing increased velocity of said gas stream through second regions of said shaped screens;
causing said rapid periodic accumulations of solvent froth and micro-droplets to periodically and abruptly separate in clumps from said first regions of said shaped screens to achieve solvent pulsing, and to cause said clumps to flow downstream from each tier of said plurality of shaped screens toward another tier of shaped screens
wherein an array of n said shaped screens is position near the top of said reaction vessel and each of said n screens is rotated about its central vertical axis in the same direction relative to its upwardly adjacent shaped screen by an angle of approximately 360/n degrees,
whereby as said solvent froth and gas stream passes downwardly through said array of n shaped screens, a periodic solvent plug is achieved uniformly across the entire cross section of said reaction vessel and is achieved near the top of said reaction vessel,
maximizing the turbulence in the gas stream and said solvent plug pulses below said array of n shaped screens by rapidly cascading a series of said periodic solvent plugs downwardly through said shaped screens positioned below said array of n shaped screens,
minimizing the size of said solvent bubbles and the size of micro-droplets as said gas stream moves through each of said plurality of spaced apart tiers of screens by causing each tier of screens to burst any of said solvent bubbles of a given size in order to reform said solvent froth at each tier of screens to maximize the total surface area of said solvent froth, thereby maximizing the mass transfer between the incoming gas stream and said solvent froth and micro-droplets by the use of solvent plug pulsing;
whereby the mass transfer achieved by the use of solvent pulsing is more than 25% greater than the mass transfer achieved without solvent pulsing.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the preferred range of solvent plug pulsing frequency is between 1 and 20 pulses per second.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the most preferred range of solvent plug pulsing frequency is between 2 and 10 pulses per second.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said tiers of screens are preferably sized and spaced to cause reformation of said solvent froth between 20 and 100 times per second.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said tiers of screens are most preferably sized and spaced to cause reformation of said solvent froth between 40 and 80 times per second.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said shaped screens have substantially square-wave cross sections.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein n=5.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the velocity of said gas stream is between 1.25 and 3.5 meters per second, and wherein the mass transfer achieved is more than 25% greater than the mass transfer achieved at gas stream velocities less than 1.0 per second.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said gas stream flow rate is greater than 0.5 meters/second, the screen opening size is between 0.040 inch and 0.150 inch, the screen wire diameter is between 0.020 inch and 0.050 inch, the spacing between screens is 0.25 inch to 0.75 inch and the height of each of said substantially square waves of said screens is between 0.25 inch and 0.75 inch.