Methods of preparing alkaloid containing compositions and uses thereof
The present invention relates to methods of preparing loline alkaloids, compositions comprising loline alkaloids including pesticidal compositions, and uses of the compositions including uses as biological control agents. Methods for the control of pests, including plant or animal pests, and for the enhancement of plant growth or reproduction, and treatment and prevention of insect infection and infestation, for example in plants and animals, are also provided.
1. A method of producing a composition comprising one or more loline alkaloids, the method, comprising:
a) providing a plant material derived from a plant that is or has been infected with at least one endophyte,
b) admixing the plant material and an aqueous solution,
c) maintaining the admixture at a temperature of about 50° C. or more for a period of about 15 minutes or more to provide an extract comprising the one or more loline alkaloid compound,
d) recovering the extract to form a composition comprising one or more loline alkaloids.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least some of the plant material is milled.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the recovering comprises
d) filtering the extract to provide a filtrate,
e) adjusting the pH of the filtrate to a pH of greater than 7,
f) contacting the pH-adjusted filtrate with a chromatography stationary phase capable of binding the one or more loline alkaloids at a pH of at least 7,
g) contacting the chromatography stationary phase with an organic solvent to elute the one or more loline alkaloids, and
h) recovering the eluate comprising the one or more loline alkaloids to provide a composition comprising the one or more loline alkaloids.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the maintaining of the admixture is from about 1 hour to about 6 hours.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the maintaining of the admixture is from 1 to 6 hours.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of at least 7.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the loline alkaloids comprises one or more loline alkaloids of Formula [I]:
wherein:
R is H or CH 3 ; and
R′ is H, CH 3 , CHO, or COCH 3 .
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the or plant is derived from the genus Festuca.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous solution comprises water and has a pH greater than 7.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the plant material is milled and is admixed with the aqueous solution having a temperature of about 60° C. or more, or wherein the admixture is maintained at a temperature of about 60° C. or more, or both.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the admixture is maintained at a temperature of about 65° C. or more.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the admixture is maintained at a temperature of about 70° C. or more.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the admixture is maintained at a temperature of about 80° C. or more.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the admixture is maintained at a temperature of about 95° C. or more.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the extract is subjected to one or more, at least partial, purification steps.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein a stationary phase for the one or more, at least partial, purification steps is a reverse phase chromatography stationary phase and comprises a styrene-divinylbenzene polymer resin.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the pH of the extract is adjusted to a pH of about 9 or more before the extract is contacted with the stationary phase or wherein the contacting of the extract with the one or more chromatography stationary phases is at a pH of greater than 7.
18. A method of producing a composition comprising one or more loline alkaloids, the method, comprising:
a) providing a seed from a plant that is or has been infected with at least one endophyte,
b) admixing the plant material and an aqueous solution,
c) maintaining the admixture at a temperature of about 50° C. or more for a period of about 15 minutes or more to provide an extract comprising the one or more loline alkaloid compound,
d) recovering the extract to form a composition comprising one or more loline alkaloids.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the plant is derived from the genus Festuca.