OLIGOSACCHARIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THEREOF
Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions.
1 . A method of producing a prebiotic composition, comprising:
combining feed sugar with a catalyst to form a reaction mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises acidic moieties and ionic moieties,
wherein the catalyst comprises acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone, or
wherein the catalyst comprises a solid support, acidic moieties attached to the solid support, and ionic moieties attached to the solid support; and
producing a prebiotic composition from at least a portion of the reaction mixture
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein each acidic monomer independently comprises at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid.
4 . The method of claim 2 or 3 , wherein each ionic monomer independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group, at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group, or a combination thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a solid support, acidic moieties attached to the solid support, and ionic moieties attached to the solid support.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the solid support comprises a material, wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of carbon, silica, silica gel, alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, clays, magnesium silicate, silicon carbide, zeolites, ceramics, and any combinations thereof.
7 . The method of claim 5 or 6 , wherein each acidic moiety independently has at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid.
8 . The method of any one of claims 5 to 7 , wherein each ionic moiety independently has at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group or at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group, or a combination thereof.
9 . The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the feed sugar comprises glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, or xylose, or any combinations thereof.
10 . The method of any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the prebiotic composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3.
11 . The method of any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the catalyst has a catalyst activity loss of less than 1% per cycle.
12 . The method of any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the prebiotic composition comprises a gluco-oligosaccharide, a galacto-oligosaccharide, a fructo-oligosaccharide, a manno-oligosaccharide, an arabino-oligosaccharide, a xylo-oligosaccharide, a gluco-galacto-oligosaccharide, a gluco-fructo-oligosaccharide, a gluco-manno-oligosaccharide, a gluco-arabino-oligosaccharide, a gluco-xylo-oligosaccharide, a galacto-fructo-oligosaccharide, a galacto-manno-oligosaccharide, a galacto-arabino-oligosaccharide, a galacto-xylo-oligosaccharide, a fructo-manno-oligosaccharide, a fructo-arabino-oligosaccharide, a fructo-xylo-oligosaccharide, a manno-arabino-oligosaccharide, a manno-xylo-oligosaccharide, or an arabino-xylo-oligosaccharide, or any combinations thereof.
13 . The method of any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein the prebiotic composition has a glycosidic bond type distribution of:
at least 10 mol % α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages; and
at least 10 mol % β-(1,3) glycosidic linkages.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the prebiotic composition has a glycosidic bond type distribution of less than 9 mol % α-(1,4) glycosidic linkages, and less than 19 mol % α-(1,6) glycosidic linkages.
15 . The method of any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein the prebiotic composition has a glycosidic bond type distribution of:
less than 9 mol % α-(1,4) glycosidic linkages; and
less than 19 mol % α-(1,6) glycosidic linkages.
16 . A method of increasing short chain fatty acid production in a gastrointestinal system of a human, comprising: administering to the human a prebiotic composition produced according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15 to increase short chain fatty acid production in the human.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the short chain fatty acid is butyrate.
18 . The method of claim 16 or 17 , wherein the short chain fatty acid production is increased at least three-fold in the gastrointestinal system of the human after administration of the prebiotic composition.
19 . A method of selectively modifying growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria, Bifidobacteria , butyrate-producing bacteria, or propionate-producing bacteria, selectively modifying growth of Clostridium, Bacteroides , or sulfate reducing bacteria, or a combination thereof, in a human, comprising: administering a prebiotic composition produced according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15 to the human.
20 . A prebiotic composition produced according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15 .