Cyclic olefin resin compositions comprising functional elastomers
This invention relates to compositions and methods for improving the impact properties of polymer-matrix composites and to improving the adhesion of resin compositions to substrate materials. More particularly, the invention relates to compositions and methods for improving the impact properties of ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) polymer-matrix composites and to improving the adhesion of ROMP compositions to substrate materials using adhesion promoters containing at least two isocyanate groups and functional elastomers comprising a maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene hydrogenated copolymer in a resin composition. The polymer products produced via ROMP reactions of the invention may be utilized for a wide range of materials and composite applications. The invention has utility in the fields of polymer and materials chemistry and manufacture.
1. A composition, comprising:
at least one cyclic olefin;
at least one metal carbene olefin metathesis catalyst;
at least one adhesion promoter comprising at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups; and
at least one functional elastomer, wherein the at least one functional elastomer is a maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene hydrogenated copolymer.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one substrate material.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cyclic olefin is selected from strained cyclic olefins, unstrained cyclic olefins, acyclic olefins, dienes, and unsaturated polymers, or combinations thereof, wherein the cyclic olefin may contain a functional group, or be substituted with a group, selected from halogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkaryloxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonato, arylcarbonato, carboxy, carboxylato, carbamoyl, alkyl-substituted carbamoyl, haloalkyl-substituted carbamoyl, aryl-substituted carbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl alkyl-substituted thiocarbamoyl, aryl-substituted thiocarbamoyl, carbamido, cyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, formyl, thioformyl, amino, alkyl-substituted amino, aryl-substituted amino, alkylamido, arylamido, imino, alkylimino, arylimino, nitro, nitroso, sulfo, sulfonato, alkylsulfanyl, arylsulfanyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, boryl, borono, boronato, phosphono, phosphonato, phosphinato, phospho, phosphino, or a combination thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal carbene olefin metathesis catalyst is a Group 8 transition metal complex having the structure of formula (I)
in which:
M is a Group 8 transition metal;
L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are independently selected from neutral electron donor ligands;
n is 0 or 1, such that L 3 may or may not be present;
m is 0, 1, or 2;
k is 0 or 1;
X 1 and X 2 are independently anionic ligands; and
R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, and functional groups; wherein one or both of R 1 and R 2 may have the structure —(W) n —U + V − , in which W is selected from hydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene; U is a positively charged Group 15 or Group 16 element substituted with hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; V is a negatively charged counterion; and n is zero or 1,
wherein any two or more of X 1 , X 2 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , R 1 , and R 2 can be taken together to form one or more cyclic groups, and further wherein any one or more of X 1 , X 2 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , R 1 , and R 2 may be attached to a support.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is a compound selected from hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, functionalized hydrocarbyl compounds, or mixtures thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is selected from at least one diisocyanate, triisocyanate, polyisocyanate compound, or mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is a diisocyanate compound or mixtures thereof.
8. A method for improving the adhesion of a resin composition to a substrate material, comprising:
combining at least one cyclic olefin, at least one metal carbene olefin metathesis catalyst, at least one adhesion promoter comprising at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups, and at least one functional elastomer to form a resin composition,
contacting the resin composition with the substrate material, and
subjecting the resin composition to conditions effective to promote an olefin metathesis reaction of the cyclic olefin,
wherein the at least one functional elastomer is a maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene hydrogenated copolymer.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cyclic olefin is selected from strained cyclic olefins, unstrained cyclic olefins, acyclic olefins, dienes, and unsaturated polymers, or combinations thereof, wherein the cyclic olefin may contain a functional group, or be substituted with a group, selected from halogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkaryloxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonato, arylcarbonato, carboxy, carboxylato, carbamoyl, alkyl-substituted carbamoyl, haloalkyl-substituted carbamoyl, aryl-substituted carbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl alkyl-substituted thiocarbamoyl, aryl-substituted thiocarbamoyl, carbamido, cyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, formyl, thioformyl, amino, alkyl-substituted amino, aryl-substituted amino, alkylamido, arylamido, imino, alkylimino, arylimino, nitro, nitroso, sulfo, sulfonato, alkylsulfanyl, arylsulfanyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, boryl, borono, boronato, phosphono, phosphonato, phosphinato, phospho, phosphino, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one metal carbene olefin metathesis catalyst is a Group 8 transition metal complex having the structure of formula (I)
in which:
M is a Group 8 transition metal;
L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are independently selected from neutral electron donor ligands;
n is 0 or 1, such that L 3 may or may not be present;
m is 0, 1, or 2;
k is 0 or 1;
X 1 and X 2 are independently anionic ligands; and
R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, and functional groups; wherein one or both of R 1 and R 2 may have the structure —(W) n —U + V − , in which W is selected from hydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene; U is a positively charged Group 15 or Group 16 element substituted with hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; V is a negatively charged counterion; and n is zero or 1,
wherein any two or more of X 1 , X 2 , L, L 2 , L 3 , R 1 , and R 2 can be taken together to form one or more cyclic groups, and further wherein any one or more of X 1 , X 2 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , R 1 , and R 2 may be attached to a support.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is a compound selected from hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, functionalized hydrocarbyl compounds, or mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is selected from at least one diisocyanate, triisocyanate, polyisocyanate compound, or mixtures thereof.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is a diisocyanate compound or mixtures thereof.
14. An article of manufacture comprising at least one resin composition comprising at least one cyclic olefin, at least one metal carbene olefin metathesis catalyst, at least one adhesion promoter comprising at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups, at least one substrate material, and at least one functional elastomer, wherein the at least one functional elastomer is a maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene hydrogenated copolymer.
15. The article of manufacture of claim 14 , wherein the at least one cyclic olefin is selected from strained cyclic olefins, unstrained cyclic olefins, acyclic olefins, dienes, and unsaturated polymers, or combinations thereof, wherein the cyclic olefin may contain a functional group, or be substituted with a group, selected from halogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkaryloxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonato, arylcarbonato, carboxy, carboxylato, carbamoyl, alkyl-substituted carbamoyl, haloalkyl-substituted carbamoyl, aryl-substituted carbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl alkyl-substituted thiocarbamoyl, aryl-substituted thiocarbamoyl, carbamido, cyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, formyl, thioformyl, amino, alkyl-substituted amino, aryl-substituted amino, alkylamido, arylamido, imino, alkylimino, arylimino, nitro, nitroso, sulfo, sulfonato, alkylsulfanyl, arylsulfanyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, boryl, borono, boronato, phosphono, phosphonato, phosphinato, phospho, phosphino, or a combination thereof.
16. The article of manufacture of claim 14 , wherein the at least one metal carbene olefin metathesis catalyst is a Group 8 transition metal complex having the structure of formula (I)
in which:
M is a Group 8 transition metal;
L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are independently selected from neutral electron donor ligands;
n is 0 or 1, such that L 3 may or may not be present;
m is 0, 1, or 2;
k is 0 or 1;
X 1 and X 2 are independently anionic ligands; and
R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, and functional groups; wherein one or both of R 1 and R 2 may have the structure —(W) n —U + V − , in which W is selected from hydrocarbylene, substituted hydrocarbylene, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene; U is a positively charged Group 15 or Group 16 element substituted with hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; V is a negatively charged counterion; and n is zero or 1,
wherein any two or more of X 1 , X 2 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , R 1 , and R 2 can be taken together to form one or more cyclic groups, and further wherein any one or more of X 1 , X 2 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , R 1 , and R 2 may be attached to a support.
17. The article of manufacture of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is a compound selected from hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, functionalized hydrocarbyl compounds, or mixtures thereof.
18. The article of manufacture of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is selected from at least one diisocyanate, triisocyanate, polyisocyanate compound, or mixtures thereof.
19. The article of manufacture of claim 14 , wherein the at least one compound containing at least two isocyanate groups is a diisocyanate compound or mixtures thereof.